Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

And they cited the report transmitted to us by Abu al-Hasan al-Sarakhsi, from Zahir ibn Ahmad, from Abu Ishaq al-Hashimi, from Abu Mus'ab, from Malik, from Ibn Shihab, from Abu Salamah ibn Abd al-Rahman, from Aisha, the wife of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, was asked about bit', a honey-based intoxicating drink, and he replied, “Every intoxicating drink is forbidden.” (1) (2)

Abu Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Fadl al-Kharaqi informed us; Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Abd Allah al-Taysafuni informed us; Abd Allah ibn Umar al-Jawhari informed us; Ahmad ibn Ali al-Kushmihani informed us; Ali ibn Hujr informed us; Isma'il ibn Ja'far informed us, from Dawud ibn Bakr ibn Abi al-Furat, from Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir, from Jabir ibn Abd Allah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whatever intoxicates in a large amount, even a small amount of it is forbidden.” (3)

Isma'il ibn Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani informed us; Abd al-Ghaffar ibn Muhammad al-Farisi informed us; Muhammad ibn Isa al-Juludi informed us; Ibrahim ibn Muhammad ibn Sufyan informed us; Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj informed us; Abu al-Rabi' al-Ataki informed us; Hammad ibn Zayd informed us; Ayyub related to us, from Nafi', from Ibn Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Every intoxicant is khamr, and every intoxicant is forbidden. Whoever drinks khamr in this world and dies addicted to it without repenting will not drink it in the Hereafter.” (4)

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il informed us; Ahmad ibn Abi Raja' informed us; Yahya ibn Abi Hayyan al-Taymi informed us, from al-Sha'bi, from Ibn Umar, who said: Umar delivered a sermon from the pulpit of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and said, “The prohibition of khamr has been revealed. It is made from five things: grapes, dates, wheat, barley, and honey. Khamr is whatever befogs the mind.” (5)

Al-Sha'bi also narrated from al-Nu'man ibn Bashir that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Indeed, khamr comes from grapes, and indeed, khamr comes from dates

(1) Honey nabidh (mead). (2) Narrated by Malik in al-Muwatta, The Book of Drinks, no. 9; by al-Bukhari, The Book of Drinks, chapter: “Wine Made from Honey,” 10:41; and by Muslim, The Book of Drinks, chapter: “Clarifying That Every Intoxicant Is Khamr,” no. 2001, 3:1585. It is also cited by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 11:350. (3) Narrated by Abu Dawud, The Book of Drinks, chapter: “The Prohibition of Intoxicants,” 5:266; al-Tirmidhi, The Book of Drinks, chapter: “Whatever Intoxicates in Large Amounts Is Unlawful Even in Small Amounts,” 5:606, who said: “It is a sound, uncommon hadith”; Ibn Hibban, The Book of Drinks, chapter: “Regarding a Small Amount of That Which Intoxicates in Large Amounts,” no. 1385, p. 336 of Mawarid al-Zam'an; and Ibn Majah, The Book of Drinks, chapter: “Whatever Intoxicates in Large Amounts Is Unlawful Even in Small Amounts,” nos. 3393-3394, 2:1125. It is also cited by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 11:351. See also al-Talkhis al-Habir, 4:73. (4) Narrated by al-Bukhari, The Book of Drinks, chapter: “The saying of Allah Most High: ‘Indeed, wine and gambling ...’,” 10:30; and by Muslim, The Book of Drinks, chapter: “Clarifying That Every Intoxicant Is Khamr,” no. 2003, 3:1587. It is also cited by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 11:355; his teacher’s teacher in its chain is Abd al-Ghafir ibn Muhammad. (5) Narrated by al-Bukhari, The Book of Drinks, chapter: “Reports Concerning the Fact That Khamr Is Whatever Clouds the Mind,” 10:45. It is also cited by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 11:351.
وَاحْتَجُّوا بِمَا أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ عَنْ مَالِكٍ عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ عَائِشَةَ زَوْجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَنِ الْبِتْعِ (١) فَقَالَ: "كُلُّ شَرَابٍ أَسْكَرَ فَهُوَ حَرَامٌ" (٢) أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْفَضْلِ الْخَرَقِيُّ أَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الطَّيْسَفُونِيُّ أَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْكُشْمِيهَنِيُّ أَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ أَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ عَنْ دَاوُدَ بْنِ بَكْرِ بْنِ أَبِي الْفُرَاتِ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ ﵁ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَا أَسْكَرَ كَثِيرُهُ فَقَلِيلُهُ حَرَامٌ" (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْقَاهِرِ الْجُرْجَانِيُّ أَنَا عَبْدُ الْغَفَّارِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْفَارِسِيُّ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الْجُلُودِيُّ أَنَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سُفْيَانَ أَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ الْحَجَّاجِ أَنَا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ الْعَتَكِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ حَدَّثَنَا أَيُّوبُ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ "كُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ خَمْرٌ وَكُلُّ مُسْكِرٍ حَرَامٌ وَمَنْ شَرِبَ الْخَمْرَ فِي الدُّنْيَا فَمَاتَ وَهُوَ مُدْمِنُهَا وَلَمْ يَتُبْ لَمْ يَشْرَبْهَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ" (٤) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النُّعَيْمِيُّ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ أَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ أَبِي رَجَاءٍ أَنَا يَحْيَى، بْنُ أَبِي حَيَّانَ التَّيْمِيُّ عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: خَطَبَ عُمَرُ عَلَى مِنْبَرِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ إِنَّهُ قَدْ نَزَلَ تَحْرِيمُ الْخَمْرِ، وَهِيَ مِنْ خَمْسَةِ أَشْيَاءَ: مِنَ الْعِنَبِ وَالتَّمْرِ، وَالْحِنْطَةِ وَالشَّعِيرِ وَالْعَسَلِ، وَالْخَمْرُ مَا خَامَرَ الْعَقْلَ" (٥) وَرَوَى الشَّعْبِيُّ عَنِ النُّعْمَانِ بْنِ بَشِيرٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّ مِنَ الْعِنَبِ خَمْرًا، وَإِنَّ مِنَ التَّمْرِ
(١) نبيذ العسل. (٢) رواه مالك: في الموطأ كتاب الأشربة برقم (٩) ورواه البخاري: في الأشربة: باب الخمر من العسل ١٠ / ٤١. ومسلم: في الأشربة باب بيان أن كل مسكر خمر (٢٠٠١) ٣ / ١٥٨٥. والمصنف في شرح السنة ١١ / ٣٥٠. (٣) رواه أبو داود: في الأشربة باب النهي عن المسكر ٥ / ٢٦٦. والترمذي: في الأشربة - باب: ما أسكر كثيره فقليله حرام ٥ / ٦٠٦ وقال: حديث حسن غريب. وابن حبان: في الأشربة - باب: في قليل ما أسكر كثيره رقم (١٣٨٥) ص ٣٣٦ موارد الظمآن. وابن ماجه: في الأشربة - باب: ما أسكر كثيره فقليله حرام رقم (٣٣٩٣-٣٣٩٤) ٢ / ١١٢٥. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١١ / ٣٥١. وانظر التلخيص الحبير: ٤ / ٧٣. (٤) رواه البخاري: في الأشربة - باب: قوله تعالى: إنما الخمر والميسر ... ١٠ / ٣٠. ومسلم: في الأشربة - باب: بيان أن كل مسكر خمر برقم (٢٠٠٣) ٣ / ١٥٨٧. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١١ / ٣٥٥ وشيخ شيخه فيه: (عبد الغافر بن محمد) . (٥) رواه البخاري: في الأشربة - باب: ما جاء في أن الخمر ما خامر العقل ... ١٠ / ٤٥. والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١١ / ٣٥١.

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