Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/160)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

their wool, camel hair, other hair, and milk—“and that you may fulfill through them a need in your hearts”: they carry your burdens from one land to another, and through them you fulfill your needs. “And upon them and upon ships you are carried”: that is, upon camels on land and upon ships at sea. Similar to this is His saying, exalted is He: “And We carried them on land and sea” (al-Isra 17:70).

“And He shows you His signs. So which of Allah’s signs do you deny? Have they not traveled through the land and seen what was the end of those before them? They were more numerous than them, stronger in power, and left greater traces on the earth; yet what they used to earn did not avail them. Then, when their messengers came to them with clear proofs, they rejoiced in the knowledge they possessed, and that which they used to mock came to encompass them. Then, when they saw Our punishment, they said, ‘We believe in Allah alone, and we reject that which we used to associate with Him.’ But their faith could not benefit them once they saw Our punishment—Allah’s established way, which has passed among His servants. There the disbelievers lost.” (81–85)

“And He shows you His signs”: the proofs of His power. “So which of Allah’s signs do you deny?”

“Have they not traveled through the land and seen what was the end of those before them? They were more numerous than them, stronger in power, and left greater traces on the earth”: that is, their great structures and palaces. “Yet what they used to earn did not avail them”: it did not benefit them. It was also said that this is interrogative in meaning: What did their earnings avail them?

“Then, when their messengers came to them with clear proofs, they rejoiced”: they were pleased “with the knowledge they possessed.” Mujahid said: “It was their statement, ‘We know better: we shall not be resurrected, nor shall we be punished.’” He called this knowledge in accordance with what they claimed and alleged, though in reality it was ignorance. “And that which they used to mock came to encompass them. Then, when they saw Our punishment, they said, ‘We believe in Allah alone, and we reject that which we used to associate with Him’”: that is, we have renounced those things which we used to set as equals with Allah.

“But their faith could not benefit them once they saw Our punishment”: that is, Our torment. “Allah’s established way”: it was said that this is in the accusative due to the omission of a preposition; that is, in accordance with Allah’s established way. It was also said that it is an accusative verbal noun. And it was said that it is in the sense of a warning: Beware of Allah’s established way—“which has passed among His servants.” That established way is that, when they behold Allah’s punishment, they believe, but their faith does not benefit them when they behold the punishment. “There the disbelievers lost”: by forfeiting both this world and the Hereafter. Al-Zajjaj said: “The disbeliever is in loss at all times, but their loss becomes evident to them when they see the punishment.”

أَصْوَافِهَا وَأَوْبَارِهَا وَأَشْعَارِهَا وَأَلْبَانِهَا ﴿وَلِتَبْلُغُوا عَلَيْهَا حَاجَةً فِي صُدُورِكُمْ﴾ تَحْمِلُ أَثْقَالَكُمْ مِنْ بَلَدٍ إِلَى بَلَدٍ وَلِتَبْلُغُوا عَلَيْهَا حَاجَاتِكُمْ، ﴿وَعَلَيْهَا وَعَلَى الْفُلْكِ تُحْمَلُونَ﴾ أَيْ: عَلَى الْإِبِلِ فِي الْبَرِّ وَعَلَى السُّفُنِ فِي الْبَحْرِ. نَظِيرُهُ: قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: "وَحَمَلْنَاهُمْ فِي الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ" (الْإِسْرَاءِ-٧٠) . ﴿وَيُرِيكُمْ آيَاتِهِ فَأَيَّ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ تُنْكِرُونَ (٨١) أَفَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَيَنْظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْهُمْ وَأَشَدَّ قُوَّةً وَآثَارًا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَمَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُمْ مَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ (٨٢) فَلَمَّا جَاءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَرِحُوا بِمَا عِنْدَهُمْ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ وَحَاقَ بِهِمْ مَا كَانُوا بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِئُونَ (٨٣) فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا بَأْسَنَا قَالُوا آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ وَكَفَرْنَا بِمَا كُنَّا بِهِ مُشْرِكِينَ (٨٤) فَلَمْ يَكُ يَنْفَعُهُمْ إِيمَانُهُمْ لَمَّا رَأَوْا بَأْسَنَا سُنَّةَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي قَدْ خَلَتْ فِي عِبَادِهِ وَخَسِرَ هُنَالِكَ الْكَافِرُونَ (٨٥) ﴾ ﴿وَيُرِيكُمْ آيَاتِهِ﴾ دَلَائِلَ قُدْرَتِهِ، ﴿فَأَيَّ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ تُنْكِرُونَ﴾ . ﴿أَفَلَمْ يَسِيرُوا فِي الْأَرْضِ فَيَنْظُرُوا كَيْفَ كَانَ عَاقِبَةُ الَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ كَانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْهُمْ وَأَشَدَّ قُوَّةً وَآثَارًا فِي الْأَرْضِ﴾ يَعْنِي: مَصَانِعَهُمْ وَقُصُورَهُمْ، ﴿فَمَا أَغْنَى عَنْهُمْ﴾ لَمْ يَنْفَعْهُمْ، ﴿مَا كَانُوا يَكْسِبُونَ﴾ وَقِيلَ: هُوَ بِمَعْنَى الِاسْتِفْهَامِ، وَمَجَازُهُ: أَيُّ شَيْءٍ أَغْنَى عَنْهُمْ كَسْبُهُمْ؟ ﴿فَلَمَّا جَاءَتْهُمْ رُسُلُهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ فَرِحُوا﴾ رَضُوا ﴿بِمَا عِنْدَهُمْ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ﴾ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: هُوَ قَوْلُهُمْ نَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ، لَنْ نُبْعَثَ وَلَنْ نُعَذَّبَ، سَمَّى ذَلِكَ عِلْمًا عَلَى مَا يَدَّعُونَهُ وَيَزْعُمُونَهُ وَهُوَ فِي الْحَقِيقَةِ جَهْلٌ. ﴿وَحَاقَ بِهِمْ مَا كَانُوا بِهِ يَسْتَهْزِئُونَ فَلَمَّا رَأَوْا بَأْسَنَا قَالُوا آمَنَّا بِاللَّهِ وَحْدَهُ وَكَفَرْنَا بِمَا كُنَّا بِهِ مُشْرِكِينَ﴾ يَعْنِي: تَبَرَّأْنَا مِمَّا كُنَّا نَعْدِلُ بِاللَّهِ. ﴿فَلَمْ يَكُ يَنْفَعُهُمْ إِيمَانُهُمْ لَمَّا رَأَوْا بَأْسَنَا﴾ عذابنا، ﴿سُنَّةَ اللَّهِ﴾ قِيلَ: نَصْبُهَا بِنَزْعِ الْخَافِضِ، أَيْ: كَسُنَّةِ اللَّهِ. وَقِيلَ: عَلَى الْمَصْدَرِ. وَقِيلَ: عَلَى الْإِغْرَاءِ أَيِ: احْذَرُوا سُنَّةَ اللَّهِ ﴿الَّتِي قَدْ خَلَتْ فِي عِبَادِهِ﴾ وَتِلْكَ السُّنَّةُ أَنَّهُمْ إِذَا عَايَنُوا عَذَابَ اللَّهِ آمَنُوا، وَلَا يَنْفَعُهُمْ إِيمَانُهُمْ عِنْدَ مُعَايَنَةِ الْعَذَابِ. ﴿وَخَسِرَ هُنَالِكَ الْكَافِرُونَ﴾ بِذَهَابِ الدَّارَيْنِ، قَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: الْكَافِرُ خَاسِرٌ فِي كُلِّ وَقْتٍ، وَلَكِنَّهُمْ يَتَبَيَّنُ لَهُمْ خُسْرَانُهُمْ إِذَا رَأَوُا الْعَذَابَ.