Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/158)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“He is the One who created you from dust, then from a drop of fluid, then from a clinging clot; then He brings you forth as a child, then so that you may attain your full strength, then so that you may grow old—though among you are those who die before that—and so that you may reach an appointed term, that perhaps you may understand.” (67)

“He is the One who gives life and causes death. When He decrees a matter, He only says to it, ‘Be,’ and it is.” (68)

“Have you not seen how those who dispute concerning the signs of Allah are turned away—those who deny the Book and that with which We sent Our messengers? They will soon know, when shackles are around their necks and chains, and they are dragged along.” (69–71)

“Say: I have been forbidden to worship those whom you invoke besides Allah, now that clear proofs have come to me from my Lord; and I have been commanded to submit to the Lord of all worlds.” This was when he was called to disbelief.

“He is the One who created you from dust, then from a drop of fluid, then from a clinging clot; then He brings you forth as a child”—that is, as children—“then so that you may attain your full strength, then so that you may grow old; and among you are those who die before that”—that is, before becoming old—“and so that all of you may reach an appointed term”: a known, fixed time which you cannot exceed. What is meant is the term of life until death. “That perhaps you may understand”—that is, so that you may understand your Lord’s oneness and His power.

“He is the One who gives life and causes death. When He decrees a matter, He only says to it, ‘Be,’ and it is. Have you not seen those who dispute concerning the signs of Allah”—meaning the Quran, saying, “It is not from Allah”—“how are they turned away?” That is, how are they turned away from the religion of truth? It was said that they are the polytheists (1). It is related from Muhammad ibn Sirin and a group that this was revealed concerning the Qadariyyah (2).

“When shackles are around their necks and chains, they will be dragged along” [that is, pulled along] (3).

(1) Cited by al-Tabari, 24:83. (2) Reported by al-Tabari, 24:83. (3) Addition from manuscript B.

﴿هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ عَلَقَةٍ ثُمَّ يُخْرِجُكُمْ طِفْلًا ثُمَّ لِتَبْلُغُوا أَشُدَّكُمْ ثُمَّ لِتَكُونُوا شُيُوخًا وَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُتَوَفَّى مِنْ قَبْلُ وَلِتَبْلُغُوا أَجَلًا مُسَمًّى وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ (٦٧) هُوَ الَّذِي يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ فَإِذَا قَضَى أَمْرًا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ (٦٨) أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ يُجَادِلُونَ فِي آيَاتِ اللَّهِ أَنَّى يُصْرَفُونَ (٦٩) الَّذِينَ كَذَّبُوا بِالْكِتَابِ وَبِمَا أَرْسَلْنَا بِهِ رُسُلَنَا فَسَوْفَ يَعْلَمُونَ (٧٠) إِذِ الْأَغْلَالُ فِي أَعْنَاقِهِمْ وَالسَّلَاسِلُ يُسْحَبُونَ (٧١) ﴾ ﴿قُلْ إِنِّي نُهِيتُ أَنْ أَعْبُدَ الَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ لَمَّا جَاءَنِيَ الْبَيِّنَاتُ مِنْ رَبِّي وَأُمِرْتُ أَنْ أُسْلِمَ لِرَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ وَذَلِكَ حِينَ دُعِيَ إِلَى الْكُفْرِ. ﴿هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُمْ مِنْ تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ عَلَقَةٍ ثُمَّ يُخْرِجُكُمْ طِفْلًا﴾ أَيْ: أَطْفَالًا ﴿ثُمَّ لِتَبْلُغُوا أَشُدَّكُمْ ثُمَّ لِتَكُونُوا شُيُوخًا وَمِنْكُمْ مَنْ يُتَوَفَّى مِنْ قَبْلُ﴾ أَيْ: مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ يَصِيرَ شَيْخًا، ﴿وَلِتَبْلُغُوا﴾ جَمِيعًا، ﴿أَجَلًا مُسَمًّى﴾ وَقْتًا مَعْلُومًا مَحْدُودًا لَا تُجَاوِزُونَهُ، يُرِيدُ أَجَلَ الْحَيَاةِ إِلَى الْمَوْتِ، ﴿وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ﴾ أَيْ: لِكَيْ تَعْقِلُوا تَوْحِيدَ رَبِّكُمْ وَقُدْرَتَهُ. ﴿هُوَ الَّذِي يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ فَإِذَا قَضَى أَمْرًا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُ كُنْ فَيَكُونُ أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الَّذِينَ يُجَادِلُونَ فِي آيَاتِ اللَّهِ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْقُرْآنَ، يَقُولُونَ لَيْسَ مِنْ عِنْدِ اللَّهِ، ﴿أَنَّى يُصْرَفُونَ﴾ كَيْفَ يُصْرَفُونَ عَنْ دِينِ الْحَقِّ. قِيلَ: هُمُ الْمُشْرِكُونَ (١) . وَعَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سِيرِينَ وَجَمَاعَةٍ: أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي الْقَدَرِيَّةِ (٢) . ﴿إِذِ الْأَغْلَالُ فِي أَعْنَاقِهِمْ وَالسَّلَاسِلُ يُسْحَبُونَ﴾ [يُجَرُّونَ] (٣) .

(١) ذكره الطبري: ٢٤ / ٨٣. (٢) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٤ / ٨٣. (٣) زيادة من "ب".