Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/157)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

It was also said that supplication consists of remembrance and petition. “Indeed, those who are too proud to worship Me will enter Hell humiliated.” Ibn Kathir, Abu Jaʿfar, and Abu Bakr read, at 111/b, “will be admitted,” with the initial letter vowelled with dammah and the letter kha vowelled with fathah; the others read it with the initial letter vowelled with fathah and the letter kha vowelled with dammah: “will enter.” “Humiliated” means abased and disgraced.

“Allah is the One Who made for you the night so that you may rest therein, and the day as a means of sight. Indeed, Allah is full of bounty toward people, but most people are not grateful. That is Allah, your Lord, Creator of all things. There is no god worthy of worship but Him; so how are you turned away? Thus are turned away those who used to deny the signs of Allah. Allah is the One Who made the earth a resting place for you, and the sky a canopy; He shaped you and perfected your forms, and provided you with wholesome things. That is Allah, your Lord. So blessed is Allah, Lord of all worlds. He is the Ever-Living; there is no god worthy of worship but Him. So call upon Him, devoting all worship sincerely to Him. All praise belongs to Allah, Lord of all worlds.” (61–65)

“Thus”—that is, just as you have been turned away from the truth despite the clear proofs having been established—“are turned away those who used to deny the signs of Allah.”

“Allah is the One Who made the earth a resting place for you”: a bed; “and the sky a canopy”: a ceiling like a dome; “He shaped you and perfected your forms.” Muqatil said: He created you and made your creation excellent. Ibn Abbas said: The son of Adam was created upright, standing erect; he eats and takes things with his hand, whereas creatures other than the son of Adam take things with their mouths. “And He provided you with wholesome things.” It was said: provisions other than the sustenance of beasts. “That is Allah, your Lord. So blessed is Allah, Lord of all worlds. He is the Ever-Living; there is no god worthy of worship but Him. So call upon Him, devoting all worship sincerely to Him. All praise belongs to Allah, Lord of all worlds.”

Al-Farra said: This is a declarative statement containing an implied command; its intended meaning is: Call upon Him and praise Him.

It is narrated from Mujahid, from Ibn Abbas, who said: Whoever says, “There is no god worthy of worship but Allah,” should immediately follow it by saying, “All praise belongs to Allah, Lord of all worlds.” This is indicated by His saying: “So call upon Him, devoting all worship sincerely to Him. All praise belongs to Allah, Lord of all worlds.” (1)

(1) Reported by al-Tabari, 24:81; al-Hakim, 2:438, who said: “This hadith is authentic according to the criteria of al-Bukhari and Muslim, though they did not include it”; and al-Bayhaqi in al-Asma wa al-Sifat, 1:179, as a statement of Ibn Abbas. Al-Suyuti also added in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:304, that it was reported by Ibn al-Mundhir and Ibn Mardawayh.

وَقِيلَ: الدُّعَاءُ هُوَ الذِّكْرُ وَالسُّؤَالُ، ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَكْبِرُونَ عَنْ عِبَادَتِي سَيَدْخُلُونَ جَهَنَّمَ دَاخِرِينَ﴾ قَرَأَ ابن كثير ١١١/ب وَأَبُو جَعْفَرٍ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ: "سَيُدْخَلُونَ" بِضَمِّ الْيَاءِ وَفَتْحِ الْخَاءِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِفَتْحِ الْيَاءِ وَضَمِّ الْخَاءِ، "دَاخِرِينَ" صَاغِرِينَ ذَلِيلِينَ. ﴿اللَّهُ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ لِتَسْكُنُوا فِيهِ وَالنَّهَارَ مُبْصِرًا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَشْكُرُونَ (٦١) ذَلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ خَالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ فَأَنَّى تُؤْفَكُونَ (٦٢) كَذَلِكَ يُؤْفَكُ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ يَجْحَدُونَ (٦٣) اللَّهُ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ قَرَارًا وَالسَّمَاءَ بِنَاءً وَصَوَّرَكُمْ فَأَحْسَنَ صُوَرَكُمْ وَرَزَقَكُمْ مِنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ ذَلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ فَتَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ (٦٤) هُوَ الْحَيُّ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ فَادْعُوهُ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ (٦٥) ﴾ ﴿اللَّهُ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ اللَّيْلَ لِتَسْكُنُوا فِيهِ وَالنَّهَارَ مُبْصِرًا إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَذُو فَضْلٍ عَلَى النَّاسِ وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَشْكُرُونَ ذَلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ خَالِقُ كُلِّ شَيْءٍ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ فَأَنَّى تُؤْفَكُونَ﴾ . ﴿كَذَلِكَ﴾ يَعْنِي كَمَا أُفِكْتُمْ عَنِ الْحَقِّ مَعَ قِيَامِ الدَّلَائِلِ كَذَلِكَ، ﴿يُؤْفَكُ الَّذِينَ كَانُوا بِآيَاتِ اللَّهِ يَجْحَدُونَ﴾ . ﴿اللَّهُ الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الْأَرْضَ قَرَارًا﴾ فِرَاشًا، ﴿وَالسَّمَاءَ بِنَاءً﴾ سَقْفًا كَالْقُبَّةِ، ﴿وَصَوَّرَكُمْ فَأَحْسَنَ صُوَرَكُمْ﴾ قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: خَلَقَكُمْ فَأَحْسَنَ خَلْقَكُمْ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: خُلِقَ ابْنُ آدَمَ قَائِمًا مُعْتَدِلًا يَأْكُلُ وَيَتَنَاوَلُ بِيَدِهِ، وَغَيْرُ ابْنِ آدَمَ يَتَنَاوَلُ بِفِيهِ. ﴿وَرَزَقَكُمْ مِنَ الطَّيِّبَاتِ﴾ قِيلَ: مِنْ غَيْرِ رِزْقِ الدَّوَابِّ ﴿ذَلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ فَتَبَارَكَ اللَّهُ رَبُّ الْعَالَمِينَ هُوَ الْحَيُّ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ فَادْعُوهُ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ قَالَ الْفَرَّاءُ: هُوَ خَبَرٌ وَفِيهِ إِضْمَارُ الْأَمْرِ، مَجَازُهُ: فَادْعُوهُ وَاحْمَدُوهُ. وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنْ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: مَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ فَلْيَقُلْ عَلَى إِثْرِهَا الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: "فَادْعُوهُ مُخْلِصِينَ لَهُ الدِّينَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ" (١) .

(١) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٤ / ٨١، والحاكم: ٢ / ٤٣٨ وقال: "هذا حديث صحيح على شرط الشيخين ولم يخرجاه" والبيهقي في الأسماء والصفات: ١ / ١٧٩ موقوفا على ابن عباس ﵁ وزاد السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٣٠٤ نسبته لابن المنذر وابن مردويه.