Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/150)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“You call me to disbelieve in Allah and to associate with Him that of which I have no knowledge, while I call you to the Mighty, the All-Forgiving. (42) There is no doubt that what you call me to cannot answer any call, either in this world or in the Hereafter; that our return is to Allah; and that the transgressors are the people of the Fire. (43) You will remember what I say to you, and I entrust my affair to Allah. Indeed, Allah is All-Seeing of His servants.” (44)

So Allah protected him from the evils of what they plotted, while the worst punishment engulfed Pharaoh’s people: (45) the Fire, to which they are exposed morning and evening. And on the Day the Hour is established, it will be said, “Admit Pharaoh’s people into the severest punishment.” (46)

“You call me to disbelieve in Allah and to associate with Him that of which I have no knowledge, while I call you to the Mighty, the All-Forgiving”: the Mighty in His retribution against those who disbelieve, the All-Forgiving of the sins of those who uphold monotheism. ⦗110/b⦘

“There is no doubt”: truly, “what you call me to,” that is, the idol, “cannot answer any call, either in this world or in the Hereafter.” Al-Suddi said: It does not answer anyone in this world or in the Hereafter—that is, it is incapable of answering any supplication. It was also said: It has no call to its worship in this world, because idols neither claim lordship nor call people to worship them; and in the Hereafter, they will disavow their worshippers. “And our return is to Allah”: our return is to Allah, and He will recompense each person according to what he deserves. “And the transgressors”: the polytheists, “are the people of the Fire.”

“You will remember what I say to you” when you behold the punishment, at a time when remembering will not benefit you. “And I entrust my affair to Allah.” This was because they had threatened him for opposing their religion. “Indeed, Allah is All-Seeing of His servants”: He knows the one who is right from the one who is false. Then the believer departed from among them, and they sought him but were unable to reach him.

This is the meaning of His saying, exalted is He: “So Allah protected him from the evils of what they plotted”—[the evil they intended for him] (1). Qatada said: He escaped with Moses, and he was a Copt. “While the worst punishment engulfed Pharaoh’s people”: that is, drowning in this world and the Fire in the Hereafter.

This is the meaning of His saying, exalted is He: “The Fire”—this is in the nominative case, serving as an apposition to “the worst [punishment]”—“to which they are exposed morning and evening,” that is, in the morning and in the evening. Ibn Masud said: The souls of Pharaoh’s people are within black birds; they are exposed to the Fire twice each day, going to it morning and evening. It is said, “O people of Pharaoh, these are your dwellings until the Hour is established.” (2)

(1) The text in parentheses is an addition from manuscript “B.” (2) See: Al-Bahr al-Muhit, 7:468; and Tafsir al-Qurtubi, 15:318.

﴿تَدْعُونَنِي لِأَكْفُرَ بِاللَّهِ وَأُشْرِكَ بِهِ مَا لَيْسَ لِي بِهِ عِلْمٌ وَأَنَا أَدْعُوكُمْ إِلَى الْعَزِيزِ الْغَفَّارِ (٤٢) لَا جَرَمَ أَنَّمَا تَدْعُونَنِي إِلَيْهِ لَيْسَ لَهُ دَعْوَةٌ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَلَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ وَأَنَّ مَرَدَّنَا إِلَى اللَّهِ وَأَنَّ الْمُسْرِفِينَ هُمْ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ (٤٣) فَسَتَذْكُرُونَ مَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ وَأُفَوِّضُ أَمْرِي إِلَى اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَصِيرٌ بِالْعِبَادِ (٤٤) فَوَقَاهُ اللَّهُ سَيِّئَاتِ مَا مَكَرُوا وَحَاقَ بِآلِ فِرْعَوْنَ سُوءُ الْعَذَابِ (٤٥) النَّارُ يُعْرَضُونَ عَلَيْهَا غُدُوًّا وَعَشِيًّا وَيَوْمَ تَقُومُ السَّاعَةُ أَدْخِلُوا آلَ فِرْعَوْنَ أَشَدَّ الْعَذَابِ (٤٦) ﴾ ﴿تَدْعُونَنِي لِأَكْفُرَ بِاللَّهِ وَأُشْرِكَ بِهِ مَا لَيْسَ لِي بِهِ عِلْمٌ وَأَنَا أَدْعُوكُمْ إِلَى الْعَزِيزِ الْغَفَّارِ﴾ فِي انْتِقَامِهِ مِمَّنْ كَفَرَ، الغفار لذنوب ١١٠/ب أَهْلِ التَّوْحِيدِ. ﴿لَا جَرَمَ﴾ حَقًّا، ﴿أَنَّمَا تَدْعُونَنِي إِلَيْهِ﴾ أَيْ: إِلَى الْوَثَنِ، ﴿لَيْسَ لَهُ دَعْوَةٌ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَلَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ﴾ قَالَ الْسُّدِّيُّ: لَا يَسْتَجِيبُ لِأَحَدٍ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَلَا فِي الْآخِرَةِ، يَعْنِي لَيْسَتْ لَهُ اسْتِجَابَةُ دَعْوَةٍ. وَقِيلَ: لَيْسَتْ لَهُ دَعْوَةٌ إِلَى عِبَادَتِهِ فِي الدُّنْيَا لِأَنَّ الْأَوْثَانَ لَا تَدَّعِي الرُّبُوبِيَّةَ، وَلَا تَدْعُو إِلَى عِبَادَتِهَا، وَفِي الْآخِرَةِ تَتَبَرَّأُ مِنْ عَابِدِيهَا. ﴿وَأَنَّ مَرَدَّنَا إِلَى اللَّهِ﴾ مَرْجِعُنَا إِلَى اللَّهِ فَيُجَازِي كُلًّا بِمَا يَسْتَحِقُّ، ﴿وَأَنَّ الْمُسْرِفِينَ﴾ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، ﴿هُمْ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ﴾ . ﴿فَسَتَذْكُرُونَ مَا أَقُولُ لَكُمْ﴾ إِذَا عَايَنْتُمُ الْعَذَابَ حِينَ لَا يَنْفَعُكُمُ الذِّكْرُ، ﴿وَأُفَوِّضُ أَمْرِي إِلَى اللَّهِ﴾ وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُمْ تَوَعَّدُوهُ لِمُخَالَفَتِهِ دِينَهُمْ، ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ بَصِيرٌ بِالْعِبَادِ﴾ يَعْلَمُ الْمُحِقَّ مِنَ الْمُبْطِلِ، ثُمَّ خَرَجَ الْمُؤْمِنُ مِنْ بَيْنِهِمْ، فَطَلَبُوهُ فَلَمْ يَقْدِرُوا عَلَيْهِ. وَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ ﷿ ﴿فَوَقَاهُ اللَّهُ سَيِّئَاتِ مَا مَكَرُوا﴾ [مَا أَرَادُوا بِهِ مِنَ الشَّرِّ] (١) قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: نَجَا مَعَ مُوسَى وَكَانَ قِبْطِيًّا، ﴿وَحَاقَ﴾ نَزَلَ، ﴿بِآلِ فِرْعَوْنَ سُوءُ الْعَذَابِ﴾ الْغَرَقُ فِي الدُّنْيَا، وَالنَّارُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ. وَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿النَّارُ﴾ هِيَ رَفْعٌ عَلَى الْبَدَلِ مِنَ السُّوءِ، ﴿يُعْرَضُونَ عَلَيْهَا غُدُوًّا وَعَشِيًّا﴾ صَبَاحًا وَمَسَاءً، قَالَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ: أَرْوَاحُ آلِ فِرْعَوْنَ فِي أَجْوَافِ طُيُورٍ سُودٍ يُعْرَضُونَ عَلَى النَّارِ كُلَّ يَوْمٍ مَرَّتَيْنِ، تَغْدُو وَتَرُوحُ إِلَى النَّارِ، وَيُقَالُ: يَا آلَ فِرْعَوْنَ هَذِهِ مَنَازِلُكُمْ حَتَّى تَقُومَ السَّاعَةُ (٢) .

(١) ما بين القوسين زيادة من "ب". (٢) انظر: البحر المحيط: ٧ / ٤٦٨، والقرطبي: ١٥ / ٣١٨.