Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/139)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

one part of it confirming another. Therefore, do not reject one part of it by means of another. Whatever you know of it, state it; and whatever you do not know, refer it to one who is knowledgeable of it.” (1)

His statement, Most High: “So do not let their movement throughout the land deceive you”—that is, their travel throughout the lands for trade and their safety therein despite their disbelief. For the outcome of their affair is punishment. Similar is His statement, Most High: “Do not let the movement of those who disbelieve throughout the land deceive you” (Aal Imran 3:196).

“The people of Noah denied before them, as did the confederates after them. Every community plotted against its messenger in order to seize him, and they disputed by means of falsehood so as to refute the truth with it. So I seized them; how severe was My punishment! (5) Thus your Lord’s decree was fulfilled against those who disbelieved: they are the inhabitants of the Fire. (6)”

“The people of Noah denied before them, as did the confederates after them”: they were the disbelievers who banded together against their prophets in denial after the people of Noah. 109/A “Every community plotted against its messenger in order to seize him.” Ibn Abbas said: “That is, to kill and destroy him.” It was also said: to take him captive. The Arabs call a captive an “one taken.” “And they disputed by means of falsehood so as to refute”—that is, to invalidate—“the truth with it,” namely, the truth brought by the messengers. Their disputation was such as their saying: “You are nothing but human beings like ourselves” (Ibrahim 14:10), and, “Why have angels not been sent down to us?” (al-Furqan 25:21), and similar statements. “So I seized them; how severe was My punishment!”

“Thus your Lord’s decree was fulfilled”: that is, just as the decree of punishment was fulfilled against the communities that denied, so too was it fulfilled “against those of your people who disbelieved,” “that they are the inhabitants of the Fire.” Al-Akhfash said: It means either, “because they are,” or, “that they are the inhabitants of the Fire.”

“Those who bear the Throne and those around it exalt their Lord with His praise, believe in Him, and seek forgiveness for those who believe: ‘Our Lord, You encompass all things in mercy and knowledge, so forgive those who repent and follow Your way, and protect them from the punishment of the Blazing Fire. (7)’”

His statement, Most High: “Those who bear the Throne and those around it”: they are the bearers of the Throne and those who circle around it—the Cherubim, who are the chiefs of the angels. Ibn Abbas said: “The distance from the ankle of one of the bearers of the Throne to the sole of his foot is a journey of five hundred years.” (2) It is also related that their feet are in the lowest reaches of the earths, and the earths and the heavens reach up to

(1) Narrated by Abd al-Razzaq in al-Musannaf (Kitab al-Jami of Imam Mamar), 11:217; by Imam Ahmad, 2:195; and by Ibn Majah, with similar wording, no. 85, in al-Muqaddimah, 1:33. Al-Zawaid states: “Its chain of transmission is sound, and its narrators are trustworthy.” In Majma al-Zawaid, 1:171, it is attributed to al-Tabarani in al-Kabir; its chain includes Salih ibn Abi al-Akhdar. (2) Narrated by al-Bayhaqi in al-Asma wa al-Sifat, 2:143. Al-Suyuti, in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:275-276, attributed it to Abd ibn Humayd and Ibn Mardawayh.

بَعْضُهُ بَعْضًا، فَلَا تُكَذِّبُوا بَعْضَهُ بِبَعْضٍ، فَمَا عَلِمْتُمْ مِنْهُ فَقُولُوهُ، وَمَا جَهِلْتُمْ مِنْهُ فَكِلُوهُ إِلَى عَالِمِهِ" (١) . قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿فَلَا يَغْرُرْكَ تَقَلُّبُهُمْ فِي الْبِلَادِ﴾ تَصَرُّفُهُمْ فِي الْبِلَادِ لِلتِّجَارَاتِ وَسَلَامَتُهُمْ فِيهَا مَعَ كُفْرِهِمْ، فَإِنَّ عَاقِبَةَ أَمْرِهِمُ الْعَذَابُ، نَظِيرُهُ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: "لَا يَغُرَّنَّكَ تَقَلُّبُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فِي الْبِلَادِ" (آلِ عِمْرَانَ-١٩٦) . ﴿كَذَّبَتْ قَبْلَهُمْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ وَالْأَحْزَابُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ وَهَمَّتْ كُلُّ أُمَّةٍ بِرَسُولِهِمْ لِيَأْخُذُوهُ وَجَادَلُوا بِالْبَاطِلِ لِيُدْحِضُوا بِهِ الْحَقَّ فَأَخَذْتُهُمْ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عِقَابِ (٥) وَكَذَلِكَ حَقَّتْ كَلِمَةُ رَبِّكَ عَلَى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّهُمْ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ (٦) ﴾ ﴿كَذَّبَتْ قَبْلَهُمْ قَوْمُ نُوحٍ وَالْأَحْزَابُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ﴾ وَهُمُ الْكُفَّارُ الذين تحزبوا ١٠٩/أعَلَى أَنْبِيَائِهِمْ بِالتَّكْذِيبِ مِنْ بَعْدِ قَوْمِ نُوحٍ، ﴿وَهَمَّتْ كُلُّ أُمَّةٍ بِرَسُولِهِمْ لِيَأْخُذُوهُ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: لِيَقْتُلُوهُ وَيُهْلِكُوهُ. وَقِيلَ: لِيَأْسِرُوهُ. وَالْعَرَبُ تُسَمِّي الْأَسِيرَ أَخِيذًا، ﴿وَجَادَلُوا بِالْبَاطِلِ لِيُدْحِضُوا﴾ لِيُبْطِلُوا، ﴿بِهِ الْحَقَّ﴾ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ الرُّسُلُ وَمُجَادَلَتُهُمْ مِثْلُ قَوْلِهِمْ: "إِنْ أَنْتُمْ إِلَّا بَشَرٌ مثلنا" (إبراهيم-١٠) ، و"لولا أُنْزِلَ عَلَيْنَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ" (الْفَرْقَانِ-٢١) وَنَحْوَ ذَلِكَ، ﴿فَأَخَذْتُهُمْ فَكَيْفَ كَانَ عِقَابِ﴾ . ﴿وَكَذَلِكَ حَقَّتْ كَلِمَةُ رَبِّكَ﴾ يَعْنِي: كَمَا حَقَّتْ كَلِمَةُ الْعَذَابِ عَلَى الْأُمَمِ الْمُكَذِّبَةِ حَقَّتْ، ﴿عَلَى الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ مِنْ قَوْمِكَ، ﴿أَنَّهُمْ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ﴾ قَالَ الْأَخْفَشُ: لِأَنَّهُمْ أَوْ بِأَنَّهُمْ أَصْحَابُ النَّارِ. ﴿الَّذِينَ يَحْمِلُونَ الْعَرْشَ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُ يُسَبِّحُونَ بِحَمْدِ رَبِّهِمْ وَيُؤْمِنُونَ بِهِ وَيَسْتَغْفِرُونَ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا رَبَّنَا وَسِعْتَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ رَحْمَةً وَعِلْمًا فَاغْفِرْ لِلَّذِينَ تَابُوا وَاتَّبَعُوا سَبِيلَكَ وَقِهِمْ عَذَابَ الْجَحِيمِ (٧) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿الَّذِينَ يَحْمِلُونَ الْعَرْشَ وَمَنْ حَوْلَهُ﴾ حَمَلَةُ الْعَرْشِ وَالطَّائِفُونَ بِهِ وَهُمُ الْكَرُوبِيُّونَ، وَهُمْ سَادَةُ الْمَلَائِكَةِ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: حَمَلَةُ الْعَرْشِ مَا بَيْنَ كَعْبِ أَحَدِهِمْ إِلَى أَسْفَلِ قَدَمَيْهِ مَسِيرَةُ خَمْسِمِائَةِ عَامٍ (٢) ، وَيُرْوَى أَنَّ أَقْدَامَهُمْ فِي تُخُومِ الأرضين، والأرضون والسموات إِلَى

(١) أخرجه عبد الرزاق في المصنف (كتاب الجامع للإمام معمر) : ١١ / ٢١٧، والإمام أحمد: ٢ / ١٩٥، وابن ماجه بمعناه برقم: (٨٥) في المقدمة: ١ / ٣٣ وقال في الزوائد: إسناده صحيح ورجاله ثقات، وعزاه في مجمع الزوائد: ١ / ١٧١ للطبراني في الكبير، وفيه صالح بن أبي الأخضر. (٢) أخرجه البيهقي في الأسماء والصفات: ٢ / ١٤٣، وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٢٧٥-٢٧٦ لعبد بن حميد وابن مردويه.