Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/138)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

means repentance, the verbal noun of tāba yatūbu tawban (to repent). It is also said that tawb is the plural of tawbah, just as dawmah has the plural dawm, and hawmah the plural hawm. Ibn Abbas said: “Forgiver of sin” means for whoever declares that there is no god worthy of worship except Allah; [“Accepter of repentance” means from whoever declares that there is no god worthy of worship except Allah]. (1) “Severe in punishment” means for whoever does not declare that there is no god worthy of worship except Allah. “Possessor of bounty” means the One who is self-sufficient and has no need of whoever does not declare that there is no god worthy of worship except Allah.

Mujahid said: “Possessor of bounty” means the Possessor of abundance and wealth. Al-Hasan said: the Possessor of grace. Qatadah said: the Possessor of blessings. It was also said: the Possessor of power. The basic meaning of tawl is a favor whose benefit endures for its recipient. “There is no god worthy of worship except Him; to Him is the final return.”

“None disputes the signs of Allah except those who disbelieve; so do not be deceived by their movement throughout the land.” (4)

“None disputes the signs of Allah”: that is, none seeks to repel the signs of Allah through denial and rejection, “except those who disbelieve.” Abu al-Aliyah said: “There are two verses more severe upon those who dispute concerning the Quran than any others: ‘None disputes the signs of Allah except those who disbelieve,’ and, ‘Indeed, those who differ concerning the Book are in far-reaching opposition.’” (2) (Al-Baqarah 2:176)

Abu Sa'id al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha'labi informed us; Abdullah ibn Ahmad informed us; Muhammad ibn Khalid related to us; Dawud ibn Sulayman informed us; Abdullah ibn Humayd informed us; al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Ju'fi related to us, from Za'idah, from Layth, from Sa'd ibn Ibrahim, from Abu Salamah, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said: “Disputing about the Quran is disbelief.” (3)

Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Salihi informed us; Abu al-Husayn ibn Bishran informed us; Isma'il ibn Muhammad al-Saffar informed us; Ahmad ibn Mansur al-Ramadi related to us; Abd al-Razzaq related to us; Ma'mar informed us, from al-Zuhri, from Amr ibn Shu'ayb, from his father, from his grandfather, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, heard some people disputing about the Quran, and said: “Those before you were only destroyed on account of this: they set one part of the Book of Allah, Most High, against another. The Book of Allah was sent down confirming...”

(1) The text in parentheses is an addition from manuscript “B.” (2) See al-Qurtubi, 15:292. (3) Al-Suyuti, in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:273, attributed it to Abd ibn Humayd; Layth is weak. See also al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 144. Al-Tayalisi narrated it in al-Musnad, p. 302, and al-Bayhaqi narrated it from Abdullah ibn Amr with the wording: “Do not dispute concerning the Quran, for disputation concerning it is disbelief.” See al-Fath al-Samawi, 3:975-976; Kanz al-Ummal, 1:615.

يَعْنِي التَّوْبَةَ، مَصْدَرُ تَابَ يَتُوبُ تَوْبًا. وَقِيلَ: التَّوْبُ جَمْعُ تَوْبَةٍ مِثْلُ دَوْمَةٍ وَدَوْمٍ وَحَوْمَةٍ وَحَوْمٍ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: غَافِرُ الذَّنْبِ لِمَنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، [وَقَابِلُ التَّوْبِ مِمَّنْ قَالَ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ] (١) ﴿شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ﴾ لِمَنْ لَا يَقُولُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ، ﴿ذِي الطَّوْلِ﴾ ذِي الْغِنَى عَمَّنْ لَا يَقُولُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ. قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: "ذِي الطَّوْلِ": ذِي السَّعَةِ وَالْغِنَى. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: ذُو الْفَضْلِ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: ذُو النِّعَمِ. وَقِيلَ: ذُو الْقُدْرَةِ. وَأَصْلُ الطَّوْلِ الْإِنْعَامُ الَّذِي تَطُولُ مُدَّتُهُ عَلَى صَاحِبِهِ. ﴿لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ إِلَيْهِ الْمَصِيرُ﴾ . ﴿مَا يُجَادِلُ فِي آيَاتِ اللَّهِ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا فَلَا يَغْرُرْكَ تَقَلُّبُهُمْ فِي الْبِلَادِ (٤) ﴾ ﴿مَا يُجَادِلُ فِي آيَاتِ اللَّهِ﴾ فِي دَفْعِ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ بِالتَّكْذِيبِ وَالْإِنْكَارِ، ﴿إِلَّا الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ قَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ: آيَتَانِ مَا أَشَدَّهُمَا عَلَى الَّذِينَ يُجَادِلُونَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ: "مَا يُجَادِلُ فِي آيَاتِ اللَّهِ إِلَّا الذين كفروا" و"إن الَّذِينَ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْكِتَابِ لَفِي شِقَاقٍ بَعِيدٍ" (٢) (الْبَقَرَةِ-١٧٦) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَالِدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا دَاوُدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ حُمَيْدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْجُعْفِيُّ عَنْ زَائِدَةَ عَنْ لَيْثٍ عَنْ سَعْدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِي سَلَمَةَ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "إِنَّ جِدَالًا فِي الْقُرْآنِ كُفْرٌ" (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحُسَيْنِ بْنُ بِشْرَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الرَّمَادِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ قَالَ: سَمِعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَوْمًا يَتَمَارَوْنَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ، فَقَالَ: "إِنَّمَا هَلَكَ مَنْ كَانَ قَبْلَكُمْ بِهَذَا، ضَرَبُوا كِتَابَ اللَّهِ ﷿ بَعْضَهُ بِبَعْضٍ، وَإِنَّمَا نَزَلَ كِتَابُ اللَّهِ يُصَدِّقُ

(١) ما بين القوسين زيادة من "ب". (٢) انظر: القرطبي: ١٥ / ٢٩٢. (٣) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٢٧٣ لعبد بن حميد، وليث فيه ضعف. وانظر: الكافي الشاف ص (١٤٤) وأخرجه الطيالسي في المسند ص ٣٠٢ والبيهقي من حديث عبد الله بن عمرو بلفظ: "لا تجادلوا في القرآن، فإن جدالا فيه كفر" انظر: الفتح السماوي: ٣ / ٩٧٥-٩٧٦ كنز العمال: ١ / ٦١٥.