Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/132)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Between the two blasts is forty.” They asked, “Forty days?” He said, “I decline to say.” They asked, “Forty months?” He said, “I decline to say.” They asked, “Forty years?” He said, “I decline to say.” He said: “Then Allah will send down water from the sky, and they will grow as plants grow. Nothing of the human being decays except one bone: the tailbone. From it, creation will be reassembled on the Day of Resurrection.” (1)

“And the earth will shine with the light of its Lord. The Record will be laid open, and the prophets and the witnesses will be brought forth. Judgment will be passed among them in truth, and they will not be wronged. Every soul will be fully recompensed for what it did, and He knows best all that they do. Those who disbelieved will be driven to Hell in groups, until, when they reach it, its gates will be opened and its keepers will say to them, ‘Did messengers from among yourselves not come to you, reciting to you the verses of your Lord and warning you of the meeting of this Day of yours?’ They will say, ‘Yes, indeed; but the decree of punishment has become binding upon the disbelievers.’” (69–71)

His saying, exalted is He, “And the earth will shine,” means: it will be illuminated, “with the light of its Lord,” that is, with the light of its Creator. This will take place when the Lord manifests Himself to judge between His creation; they will not crowd or inconvenience one another in beholding His light, just as they do not crowd or inconvenience one another over the sun on a cloudless day. Al-Hasan and al-Suddi said: it means, by the justice of its Lord. By “the earth,” He means the plains of the Resurrection.

“And the Record will be laid open,” that is, the record of deeds. “And the prophets and the witnesses will be brought forth.” Ibn Abbas said: This refers to those who will testify that the messengers conveyed the message; they are the community of Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him. Ata said: It refers to the recording angels, as indicated by His saying, exalted is He: “And every soul will come, accompanied by a driver and a witness.” (Qaf 21) “Judgment will be passed among them in truth,” that is, with justice, “and they will not be wronged”: neither will their evil deeds be increased nor their good deeds diminished.

“Every soul will be fully recompensed for what it did,” that is, with the recompense for its deeds. “And He knows best all that they do.” Ata said: By this He means: I know their deeds, and I have no need of a scribe or a witness.

“Those who disbelieved will be driven to Hell” with harsh driving, “in groups,” that is, in successive throngs, one after another, each community separately. Abu Ubaydah and al-Akhfash said: “In groups” means separate companies; the singular is zumrah. “Until, when they reach it, its seven gates will be opened,” after having been closed before that. The Kufan reciters read both instances of “opened” with a single consonant, while the others read them with a doubled consonant, denoting multiplicity. “And its keepers will say to them,” rebuking and reproaching them, “Did messengers from among yourselves not come to you,” that is, from among your own people, “reciting to you the verses of your Lord and warning you of the meeting of this Day of yours?” They will say, “Yes, indeed; but the decree of punishment has become binding upon the disbelievers,” that is, it has become inevitable. This is His saying, exalted is He: “I will surely fill Hell with jinn and people all together.” (Hud 119)

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Tafsir, under the commentary on Surah al-Zumar, chapter: “And the Trumpet will be blown, and all who are in the heavens and on earth will fall dead,” 8:551; and by Muslim in Kitab al-Fitan, chapter: “The interval between the two trumpet-blasts,” no. 2955, 4:2270-2271; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 15:104.

قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "مَا بَيْنَ النَّفْخَتَيْنِ أَرْبَعُونَ" قَالُوا: أَرْبَعُونَ يَوْمًا؟ قال: "أبيت"، قالوا: أربعون شهرًا؟ قال: "أبيت"، قالوا: أربعون سنة؟ قَالَ: "أَبَيْتُ"، قَالَ: "ثُمَّ يَنْزِلُ اللَّهُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَيَنْبُتُونَ كَمَا يَنْبُتُ الْبَقْلُ لَيْسَ مِنَ الْإِنْسَانِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا يَبْلَى إِلَّا عَظْمٌ وَاحِدٌ، وَهُوَ عَجْبُ الذَّنَبِ وَمِنْهُ يَتَرَكَّبُ الْخَلْقُ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ (١) . ﴿وَأَشْرَقَتِ الْأَرْضُ بِنُورِ رَبِّهَا وَوُضِعَ الْكِتَابُ وَجِيءَ بِالنَّبِيِّينَ وَالشُّهَدَاءِ وَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْحَقِّ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ (٦٩) وَوُفِّيَتْ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَا عَمِلَتْ وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يَفْعَلُونَ (٧٠) وَسِيقَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِلَى جَهَنَّمَ زُمَرًا حَتَّى إِذَا جَاءُوهَا فُتِحَتْ أَبْوَابُهَا وَقَالَ لَهُمْ خَزَنَتُهَا أَلَمْ يَأْتِكُمْ رُسُلٌ مِنْكُمْ يَتْلُونَ عَلَيْكُمْ آيَاتِ رَبِّكُمْ وَيُنْذِرُونَكُمْ لِقَاءَ يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا قَالُوا بَلَى وَلَكِنْ حَقَّتْ كَلِمَةُ الْعَذَابِ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ (٧١) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَأَشْرَقَتِ الْأَرْضُ﴾ أَضَاءَتْ، ﴿بِنُورِ رَبِّهَا﴾ بِنُورِ خَالِقِهَا، وَذَلِكَ حِينَ يَتَجَلَّى الرَّبُّ لِفَصْلِ الْقَضَاءِ بَيْنَ خَلْقِهِ، فَمَا يَتَضَارُّونَ فِي نُورِهِ كَمَا لَا يَتَضَارُّونَ فِي الشَّمْسِ فِي الْيَوْمِ الصَّحْوِ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ وَالسُّدِّيُّ: بِعَدْلِ رَبِّهَا، وَأَرَادَ بِالْأَرْضِ عَرَصَاتِ الْقِيَامَةِ، ﴿وَوُضِعَ الْكِتَابُ﴾ أَيْ: كِتَابُ الْأَعْمَالِ، ﴿وَجِيءَ بِالنَّبِيِّينَ وَالشُّهَدَاءِ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: يَعْنِي الَّذِينَ يَشْهَدُونَ لِلرُّسُلِ بِتَبْلِيغِ الرِّسَالَةِ، وَهُمْ أُمَّةُ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ. وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: يَعْنِي الْحَفَظَةَ، يَدُلُّ عَلَيْهِ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: "وَجَاءَتْ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَعَهَا سَائِقٌ وَشَهِيدٌ" (ق-٢١) ﴿وَقُضِيَ بَيْنَهُمْ بِالْحَقِّ﴾ أَيْ: بِالْعَدْلِ، ﴿وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ﴾ أَيْ: لَا يُزَادُ فِي سَيِّئَاتِهِمْ وَلَا يُنْقَصُ مِنْ حَسَنَاتِهِمْ. ﴿وَوُفِّيَتْ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَا عَمِلَتْ﴾ أَيْ: ثَوَابَ مَا عَمِلَتْ، ﴿وَهُوَ أَعْلَمُ بِمَا يَفْعَلُونَ﴾ قَالَ عَطَاءٌ: يُرِيدُ أَنِّي عَالِمٌ بِأَفْعَالِهِمْ لَا أَحْتَاجُ إِلَى كَاتِبٍ وَلَا إِلَى شَاهِدٍ. ﴿وَسِيقَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا إِلَى جَهَنَّمَ﴾ سَوْقًا عَنِيفًا، ﴿زُمُرًا﴾ أَفْوَاجًا بَعْضُهَا عَلَى إِثْرِ بَعْضٍ، كُلُّ أُمَّةٍ عَلَى حِدَةٍ قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ وَالْأَخْفَشُ: "زُمُرًا" أَيْ: جَمَاعَاتٍ فِي تَفْرِقَةٍ، وَاحِدَتُهَا زُمْرَةٌ ﴿حَتَّى إِذَا جَاءُوهَا فُتِحَتْ أَبْوَابُهَا﴾ السَّبْعَةُ وَكَانَتْ مُغْلَقَةً قَبْلَ ذَلِكَ، قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْكُوفَةِ "فُتِحَتْ، وَفُتِحَتْ" بِالتَّخْفِيفِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِالتَّشْدِيدِ عَلَى التَّكْثِيرِ ﴿وَقَالَ لَهُمْ خَزَنَتُهَا﴾ تَوْبِيخًا وَتَقْرِيعًا لَهُمْ، ﴿أَلَمْ يَأْتِكُمْ رُسُلٌ مِنْكُمْ﴾ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ ﴿يَتْلُونَ عَلَيْكُمْ آيَاتِ رَبِّكُمْ وَيُنْذِرُونَكُمْ لِقَاءَ يَوْمِكُمْ هَذَا قَالُوا بَلَى وَلَكِنْ حَقَّتْ﴾ وَجَبَتْ، ﴿كَلِمَةُ الْعَذَابِ عَلَى الْكَافِرِينَ﴾ وَهُوَ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: "لَأَمْلَأَنَّ جَهَنَّمَ مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ أَجْمَعِينَ" (هُودٍ-١١٩)

(١) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير -تفسير سورة الزمر- باب: "ونفخ في الصور فصعق من في السموات ومن في الأرض": ٨ / ٥٥١، ومسلم في الفتن، باب: ما بين النفختين. برقم (٢٩٥٥) ٤ / ٢٢٧٠-٢٢٧١، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٥ / ١٠٤.