Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/123)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Or have they taken intercessors besides Allah? Say, ‘Even if they have no power over anything and have no understanding?’ (43) Say, ‘All intercession belongs entirely to Allah. To Him belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth; then to Him you will be returned.’ (44) When Allah alone is mentioned, the hearts of those who do not believe in the Hereafter shrink with aversion; but when those besides Him are mentioned, they immediately rejoice. (45) Say, ‘O Allah, Originator of the heavens and the earth, Knower of the unseen and the seen, You will judge between Your servants concerning that over which they differed.’” (46)

“Or have they taken intercessors besides Allah? Say,” O Muhammad, “Even if they have”—that is, even if those deities—“no power over anything” in respect of intercession, “and have no understanding” that you worship them? The response to this question is omitted; its implied meaning is: Would you take them as intercessors even though they possess these qualities?

“Say, ‘All intercession belongs entirely to Allah.’” Mujahid said: No one may intercede except by His permission. “To Him belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth; then to Him you will be returned.”

“When Allah alone is mentioned, the hearts of those who do not believe in the Hereafter shrink with aversion.” That is, they recoil. Ibn Abbas, Mujahid, and Muqatil said: They shrink from monotheism. Qatadah said: They grow arrogant. The root meaning of such aversion is recoiling and arrogance: “the hearts of those who do not believe in the Hereafter.”

“But when those besides Him are mentioned”—meaning, the idols—“they immediately rejoice,” that is, they are glad. Mujahid and Muqatil said: This was when the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, recited Surat al-Najm and Satan interjected into his recitation: “These are the exalted cranes.” The disbelievers rejoiced at this. (1)

“Say, ‘O Allah, Originator of the heavens and the earth, Knower of the unseen and the seen, You will judge between Your servants concerning that over which they differed.’” Imam Abu Ali al-Husayn ⦗107a⦘ ibn Muhammad al-Qadi informed us; Abu Nuaym al-Isfarayini informed us; Abu Awanah informed us; al-Sulami narrated to us; al-Nadr ibn Muhammad narrated to us; Ikrimah ibn Ammar informed us; Yahya ibn Abi Kathir informed us; Abu Salamah narrated to us, saying: I asked Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her, “With what did the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, begin his prayer at night?” She replied: He would say, “O Allah, Lord of Gabriel, Michael, and Israfil, Originator of the heavens and the earth, Knower of the unseen and the seen, You judge between Your servants concerning that over which they differ. By Your permission, guide me to the truth concerning that over which they differ. Truly, You guide whom You will to a straight path.” (2)

(1) See above, note (1) on the exegesis of Surah al-Hajj, verse 52, 5:394. (2) Narrated by Muslim in Salat al-Musafirin (Prayer of Travelers), chapter: supplication during the night prayer and its standing, no. 770, 1:534; and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:71.

﴿أَمِ اتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ شُفَعَاءَ قُلْ أَوَلَوْ كَانُوا لَا يَمْلِكُونَ شَيْئًا وَلَا يَعْقِلُونَ (٤٣) قُلْ لِلَّهِ الشَّفَاعَةُ جَمِيعًا لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ (٤٤) وَإِذَا ذُكِرَ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ اشْمَأَزَّتْ قُلُوبُ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ وَإِذَا ذُكِرَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ دُونِهِ إِذَا هُمْ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ (٤٥) قُلِ اللَّهُمَّ فَاطِرَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ عَالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ أَنْتَ تَحْكُمُ بَيْنَ عِبَادِكَ فِي مَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ (٤٦) ﴾ ﴿أَمِ اتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ شُفَعَاءَ قُلْ﴾ يَا مُحَمَّدُ، ﴿أَوَلَوْ كَانُوا﴾ وَإِنْ كَانُوا يَعْنِي الْآلِهَةَ، ﴿لَا يَمْلِكُونَ شَيْئًا﴾ مِنَ الشَّفَاعَةِ، ﴿وَلَا يَعْقِلُونَ﴾ أَنَّكُمْ تَعْبُدُونَهُمْ. وَجَوَابُ هَذَا مَحْذُوفٌ تَقْدِيرُهُ: وَإِنْ كَانُوا بِهَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ تَتَّخِذُونَهُمْ. ﴿قُلْ لِلَّهِ الشَّفَاعَةُ جَمِيعًا﴾ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: لَا يَشْفَعُ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ، ﴿لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ثُمَّ إِلَيْهِ تُرْجَعُونَ﴾ . ﴿وَإِذَا ذُكِرَ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ اشْمَأَزَّتْ﴾ نَفَرَتْ، وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَمُجَاهِدٌ وَمُقَاتِلٌ: انْقَبَضَتْ عَنِ التَّوْحِيدِ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: اسْتَكْبَرَتْ. وَأَصْلُ الِاشْمِئْزَازِ النُّفُورُ وَالِاسْتِكْبَارُ، ﴿قُلُوبُ الَّذِينَ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِالْآخِرَةِ﴾ . ﴿وَإِذَا ذُكِرَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ دُونِهِ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْأَصْنَامَ ﴿إِذَا هُمْ يَسْتَبْشِرُونَ﴾ يَفْرَحُونَ، قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَمُقَاتِلٌ: وَذَلِكَ حِينَ قَرَأَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ سُورَةَ وَالنَّجْمِ فَأَلْقَى الشَّيْطَانُ فِي أُمْنِيَّتِهِ: تِلْكَ الْغَرَانِيقُ الْعُلَى، فَفَرِحَ بِهِ الْكُفَّارُ (١) . ﴿قُلِ اللَّهُمَّ فَاطِرَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ عَالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ أَنْتَ تَحْكُمُ بَيْنَ عِبَادِكَ فِي مَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ﴾ ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْإِمَامُ أَبُو علي الحسين ١٠٧/أبْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْقَاضِي، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو نُعَيْمٍ الْإِسْفَرَايِينِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَوَانَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا السُّلَمِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا النَّضْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عِكْرِمَةُ بْنُ عَمَّارٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَبِي كَثِيرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَلَمَةَ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ عَائِشَةَ ﵂ بِمَ كَانَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَفْتَتِحُ الصَّلَاةَ مِنَ اللَّيْلِ؟ قَالَتْ: كَانَ يَقُولُ: "اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ جِبْرِيلَ وَمِيكَائِيلَ وإسرافيل، فاطر السموات وَالْأَرْضِ عَالِمَ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ أَنْتَ تَحْكُمُ بَيْنَ عِبَادِكَ فِيمَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ، اهْدِنِي لِمَا اخْتُلِفَ فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ بِإِذْنِكَ إِنَّكَ تَهْدِي مَنْ تَشَاءُ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ" (٢) .

(١) راجع فيما سبق تفسير سورة الحج، الآية (٥٢) : ٥ / ٣٩٤ تعليق (١) . (٢) أخرجه مسلم: في صلاة المسافرين، باب: الدعاء في صلاة الليل وقيامه، برقم: (٧٧٠) ١ / ٥٣٤، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٤ / ٧١.