Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/119)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Ibn Umar said: “For a period of time, we thought that this verse had been revealed concerning us and the Jews and Christians: ‘Then, on the Day of Resurrection, you will dispute before your Lord.’ We would say, ‘How could we dispute when our religion and our Book are one?’ Then I saw some of us striking the faces of others with swords, and I realized that it had been revealed concerning us.” (1)

Abu Sa‘id al-Khudri said concerning this verse: “We used to say, ‘Our Lord is one, our religion is one, and our Prophet is one; so what could this dispute be?’ But when the Battle of Siffin took place, and some of us attacked others with swords, we said, ‘Yes, this is what it means.’” (2)

Ibrahim said: When the words, “Then, on the Day of Resurrection, you will dispute before your Lord,” were revealed, they said, “How could we dispute when we are brothers?” But when Uthman was killed, they said, “This is our dispute.” (3)

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Abu Muhammad Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Shurayh informed us; Abu al-Qasim Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Abd al-Aziz al-Baghawi informed us; Ali ibn al-Ja‘d related to us; Ibn Abi Dhi’b related to us, from Sa‘id al-Maqburi, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Whoever has wronged his brother with regard to his honor or wealth should seek his pardon today, before a Day when there will be neither dinar nor dirham. If he has righteous deeds, some of them will be taken from him in proportion to his wrongdoing; but if he has no righteous deeds, some of the wronged person’s sins will be taken and placed upon him.” (4)

Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn al-Fadl al-Kharaqi informed us; Abu al-Hasan al-Taysafuni informed us; Abdullah ibn Umar al-Jawhari informed us; Ahmad ibn Ali al-Kushmihani related to us; Ali ibn Hujr related to us; Isma‘il ibn Ja‘far related to us, from al-Ala’, from his father, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Do you know who the bankrupt person is?” They said, “Among us, the bankrupt person is one who has neither dirhams nor possessions.” He said: “The bankrupt person from my community is the one who comes on the Day of Resurrection with prayer, fasting, and zakah, but who has abused this person, slandered that person, unlawfully consumed another’s wealth, shed another’s blood, and struck another. This person will be given some of his good deeds, and that person some of his good deeds. [He said: If his good deeds are exhausted] (5) before he has settled what he owes, some of their sins will be taken and placed upon him; then he will be cast into the Fire.” (6)

(1) Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:225, to Ibn Abi Hatim, al-Tabarani, and Ibn Mardawayh. Al-Haythami said in Majma al-Zawaid, 7:100: “Al-Tabarani narrated it, and its transmitters are trustworthy.” (2) Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:226-227, to Sa'id ibn Mansur. (3) Recorded by al-Tabari, 24:2. See also al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 143. (4) Recorded by al-Bukhari, Book of Wrongs, chapter: “If someone has wronged another and asks him to absolve him, must he specify the wrong?” 5:11; and by the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:359. (5) The text in parentheses is omitted from manuscript “A.” (6) Recorded by Muslim, Book of Righteousness, Maintaining Kinship Ties, and Manners, chapter: “The Prohibition of Oppression,” no. 2581, 4:1997.

وَقَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: عِشْنَا بُرْهَةً مِنَ الدَّهْرِ وَكُنَّا نَرَى أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ أُنْزِلَتْ فِينَا وَفِي أَهْلِ الْكِتَابَيْنِ "ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عِنْدَ رَبِّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ" قُلْنَا: كَيْفَ نَخْتَصِمُ وَدِينُنَا وَكِتَابُنَا وَاحِدٌ؟ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ بَعْضَنَا يَضْرِبُ وُجُوهَ بَعْضٍ بِالسَّيْفِ، فَعَرَفْتُ أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِينَا (١) . وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ الْخُدْرِيِّ فِي هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ قَالَ: كُنَّا نَقُولُ رَبُّنَا وَاحِدٌ وَدِينُنَا وَاحِدٌ وَنَبِيُّنَا وَاحِدٌ فَمَا هَذِهِ الْخُصُومَةُ؟ فَلَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ صِفِّينَ وَشَدَّ بَعْضُنَا عَلَى بَعْضٍ بِالسُّيُوفِ قُلْنَا: نَعَمْ هُوَ هَذَا (٢) . وَعَنْ إِبْرَاهِيمَ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ: "ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عِنْدَ رَبِّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ" قَالُوا: كَيْفَ نَخْتَصِمُ وَنَحْنُ إِخْوَانٌ؟ فَلَمَّا قُتِلَ عُثْمَانُ قَالُوا: هَذِهِ خُصُومَتُنَا (٣) ? أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي شُرَيْحٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْقَاسِمِ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ الْبَغَوِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْجَعْدِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي ذِئْبٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ الْمَقْبُرِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَنْ كَانَتْ لِأَخِيهِ عِنْدَهُ مَظْلَمَةٌ مِنْ عِرْضٍ أَوْ مَالٍ فَلْيَتَحَلَّلَهُ الْيَوْمَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُؤْخَذَ مِنْهُ يَوْمَ لَا دِينَارَ وَلَا دِرْهَمَ، فَإِنْ كَانَ لَهُ عَمَلٌ صَالِحٌ أُخِذَ مِنْهُ بِقَدْرِ مَظْلَمَتِهِ، وَإِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ أُخِذَ مِنْ سَيِّئَاتِهِ فَجُعِلَتْ عَلَيْهِ" (٤) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْخَرَقِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ الطَّيْسَفُونِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَلِيٍّ الْكُشْمِهِينِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "أَتُدْرُونَ مَنِ الْمُفْلِسُ"؟ قَالُوا: الْمُفْلِسُ فِينَا مَنْ لَا دِرْهَمَ لَهُ وَلَا مَتَاعَ، قَالَ: "إِنَّ الْمُفْلِسَ مِنْ أُمَّتِي مَنْ يَأْتِي يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ بِصَلَاةٍ وَصِيَامٍ وَزَكَاةٍ، وَكَانَ قَدْ شَتَمَ هَذَا، وَقَذَفَ هَذَا، وَأَكَلَ مَالَ هَذَا، وَسَفَكَ دَمَ هَذَا، وَضَرَبَ هَذَا، فَيَقْضِي هَذَا مِنْ حَسَنَاتِهِ وَهَذَا مِنْ حَسَنَاتِهِ، [قَالَ: فَإِنْ فَنِيَتْ حَسَنَاتُهُ] (٥) قَبْلَ أَنْ يَقْضِيَ مَا عَلَيْهِ أُخِذَ مِنْ خَطَايَاهُمْ فَطُرِحَتْ عَلَيْهِ ثُمَّ طُرِحَ فِي النَّارِ" (٦) .

(١) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٢٢٥ لابن أبي حاتم، والطبراني، وابن مردويه. قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد: ٧ / ١٠٠ "رواه الطبراني ورجاله ثقات". (٢) عزاه السيوطي في الدر اللمنثور: ٧ / ٢٢٦-٢٢٧ لسعيد بن منصور. (٣) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٤ / ٢، وانظر: الكافي الشاف ص ١٤٣. (٤) أخرجه البخاري في المظالم، باب: من كانت له مظلمة عند رجل فحللها له هل يبين مظلمته: ٥ / ١١، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٣٥٩. (٥) ما بين القوسين ساقط من "أ". (٦) أخرجه مسلم: في البر والصلة والآداب، باب: تحريم الظلم، برقم: (٢٥٨١) ٤ / ١٩٩٧.