Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/118)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Allah presents an example: a man owned by quarrelling partners, and another belonging exclusively to one man. Are they equal in comparison? All praise belongs to Allah; yet most of them do not know. (29) Indeed, you will die, and they too will die. (30) Then, on the Day of Resurrection, you will dispute before your Lord.” (31)

“Allah presents an example: a man”—al-Kisa’i said: The word “man” is in the accusative because it explains the parable—“owned by quarrelling partners”: that is, partners who contend and disagree with one another and are ill-tempered. A harsh, ill-tempered man who opposes people and is not satisfied with fairness is described in this manner. “And another belonging exclusively to one man.” The reciters of Mecca and Basra read this as “soundly belonging,” meaning: belonging solely to him, with no partner or rival having any share in him. The others read it as “belonging exclusively,” without the additional letter; that is, one over whom no one contests ownership. (1) It is said, “He belongs exclusively to you,” meaning: he has been entrusted to you, and no one disputes your ownership of him.

“Are they equal in comparison?” This is a parable that Allah, exalted is He, sets forth for the disbeliever who worships various deities and for the believer who worships none but Allah, the One. This is a rhetorical question implying that they are not equal. He then says, “All praise belongs to Allah”: that is, all praise belongs to Allah alone, to the exclusion of all other objects of worship. “Yet most of them do not know” what they will come to face; and what is meant by “most” here is all of them.

“Indeed, you will die”: that is, you will die; “and they too will die”: that is, they will die. Al-Farra’ and al-Kisa’i said: The form with a doubled consonant refers to one who has not yet died but will die, whereas the form with a single consonant refers to one whose soul has departed. This is why the latter form is not used here.

“Then, on the Day of Resurrection, you will dispute before your Lord.” Ibn Abbas said: This refers to the one who is in the right and the one who is in the wrong, and to the oppressor and the oppressed.

Abu Sa‘id al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha‘labi informed us; Ibn Fanjawayh informed us; Ibn Malik related to us; Ibn Hanbal related to us; my father related to me; Ibn Numayr related to us; Muhammad—that is, Ibn Amr—related to us from Yahya ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Hatib, from Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr, from al-Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, who said: When the verse, “Then, on the Day of Resurrection, you will dispute before your Lord,” was revealed to the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, al-Zubayr said, “O Messenger of Allah, will what took place between us in this world be brought up again before us, along with our personal sins?” He said, “Yes. It will certainly be brought up again before you until everyone entitled to a right is given his due.” Al-Zubayr said, “By Allah, the matter is indeed severe.” (2)

(1) The text in parentheses is an addition from manuscript “B.” (2) Recorded by al-Tirmidhi in his commentary on Surah al-Zumar, 9:110-111; he said, “This hadith is hasan sahih.” Also recorded by Imam Ahmad, 1:167, and al-Hakim, 4:572, who said, “This hadith has a sound chain of transmission, though the two [Sahih compilers] did not record it.” Al-Dhahabi made no comment on it. Al-Haythami said in Majma al-Zawaid, 7:100: “Al-Tabarani narrated it, and its transmitters are trustworthy.” Al-Suyuti additionally attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:226, to Ibn Mani, Ibn Abi Hatim, Ibn Mardawayh, Abu Nuaym in al-Hilyah, and al-Bayhaqi in al-Bath.

﴿ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا رَجُلًا فِيهِ شُرَكَاءُ مُتَشَاكِسُونَ وَرَجُلًا سَلَمًا لِرَجُلٍ هَلْ يَسْتَوِيَانِ مَثَلًا الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ (٢٩) إِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ وَإِنَّهُمْ مَيِّتُونَ (٣٠) ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عِنْدَ رَبِّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ (٣١) ﴾ ﴿ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًا رَجُلًا﴾ قَالَ الْكِسَائِيُّ: نُصِبَ رَجُلًا لِأَنَّهُ تَفْسِيرٌ لِلْمَثَلِ، ﴿فِيهِ شُرَكَاءُ مُتَشَاكِسُونَ﴾ مُتَنَازِعُونَ مُخْتَلِفُونَ سَيِّئَةٌ أَخْلَاقُهُمْ، يُقَالُ: رَجُلٌ شَكِسٌ شَرِسٌ، إذا كان سيء الْخُلُقِ، مُخَالِفًا لِلنَّاسِ، لَا يَرْضَى بِالْإِنْصَافِ، ﴿وَرَجُلًا سَلَمًا لِرَجُلٍ﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ مَكَّةَ وَالْبَصْرَةِ: "سَالِمًا" بِالْأَلِفِ أَيْ: خَالِصًا لَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ وَلَا مُنَازِعَ لَهُ فِيهِ، [وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ: "سَلَمًا" بِفَتْحِ اللَّامِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَلِفٍ، وَهُوَ الَّذِي لَا يُنَازَعُ فِيهِ] (١) مِنْ قَوْلِهِمْ: هُوَ لَكَ سَلَمٌ، أَيْ: مُسَلَّمٌ لَا مُنَازِعَ لَكَ فِيهِ. ﴿هَلْ يَسْتَوِيَانِ مَثَلًا﴾ هَذَا مَثَلٌ ضَرَبَهُ اللَّهُ ﷿ لِلْكَافِرِ الَّذِي يَعْبُدُ آلِهَةً شَتَّى، وَالْمُؤْمِنُ الَّذِي لَا يَعْبُدُ إِلَّا اللَّهَ الْوَاحِدَ، وَهَذَا اسْتِفْهَامُ إِنْكَارٍ أَيْ: لَا يَسْتَوِيَانِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: ﴿الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ﴾ أَيْ: لِلَّهِ الْحَمْدُ كُلُّهُ دُونَ غَيْرِهِ مِنَ الْمَعْبُودِينَ. ﴿بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ مَا يَصِيرُونَ إِلَيْهِ وَالْمُرَادُ بِالْأَكْثَرِ الْكُلُّ. ﴿إِنَّكَ مَيِّتٌ﴾ أَيْ: سَتَمُوتُ، ﴿وَإِنَّهُمْ مَيِّتُونَ﴾ أَيْ: سَيَمُوتُونَ، قَالَ الْفَرَّاءُ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ: الْمَيِّتُ -بِالتَّشْدِيدِ-مَنْ لَمْ يَمُتْ وَسَيَمُوتُ، الْمَيْتُ -بِالتَّخْفِيفِ-مَنْ فَارَقَهُ الرُّوحُ، وَلِذَلِكَ لَمْ يُخَفَّفْ هَاهُنَا. ﴿ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عِنْدَ رَبِّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: يَعْنِي: الْمُحِقَّ وَالْمُبْطِلَ، وَالظَّالِمَ وَالْمَظْلُومَ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ فَنْجَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ مَالِكٍ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ نُمَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدٌ يَعْنِي ابْنَ عَمْرٍو عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ حَاطِبٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ الزُّبَيْرِ، عَنِ الزُّبَيْرِ بْنِ الْعَوَّامِ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ "ثُمَّ إِنَّكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ عِنْدَ رَبِّكُمْ تَخْتَصِمُونَ" قَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ: أَيْ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَيُكَرَّرُ عَلَيْنَا مَا كَانَ بَيْنَنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا مَعَ خَوَاصِّ الذُّنُوبِ؟ قَالَ: "نَعَمْ لَيُكَرَّرَنَّ عَلَيْكُمْ حَتَّى يُؤَدَّى إِلَى كُلِّ ذِي حَقِّ حَقَّهِ" قَالَ الزُّبَيْرُ: وَاللَّهِ إِنَّ الْأَمْرَ لَشَدِيدٌ (٢)

(١) ما بين القوسين زيادة من "ب". (٢) أخرجه الترمذي في تفسير سورة الزمر: ٩ / ١١٠-١١١، وقال: "هذا حديث حسن صحيح"، والإمام أحمد: ١ / ١٦٧، والحاكم: ٤ / ٥٧٢ وقال: "هذا حديث صحيح الإسناد ولم يخرجاه وسكت عنه الذهبي. قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد: ٧ / ١٠٠: " رواه الطبراني ورجاله ثقات"، وزاد السيوطي في الدر االمنثور: ٧ / ٢٢٦ نسبته لابن منيع، وابن أبي حاتم، وابن مردويه، وأبي نعيم في الحلية، والبيهقي في البعث.