Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/115)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

He replied, “When light enters the heart, it expands and opens.” We asked, “O Messenger of Allah, what is the sign of that?” He said, “Turning toward the everlasting abode, keeping away from the abode of delusion, and preparing for death before it comes.” (1)

His saying, exalted is He: “Woe, then, to those whose hearts are hardened against the remembrance of Allah. They are clearly astray.” Malik ibn Dinar said: “No servant is afflicted with a punishment greater than hardness of heart; and Allah does not become angry with a people except that He removes mercy from them.” (2)

“Allah has sent down the best of statements: a Book consistent in its parts and oft-repeated. The skins of those who fear their Lord shudder at it; then their skins and their hearts soften at the remembrance of Allah. That is Allah’s guidance, by which He guides whom He wills. But whoever Allah leaves astray will have no guide.” (23)

His saying, exalted is He: “Allah has sent down the best of statements: a Book consistent in its parts”: its passages resemble one another in beauty, and each confirms the other; there is no contradiction or discrepancy in it. “Oft-repeated”: in it are repeatedly mentioned promise and warning, commands and prohibitions, reports and rulings. “Shudder”: they tremble and recoil. “The skins of those who fear their Lord”: shuddering is a change in a person’s skin brought about by dread and fear. It is also said that what is meant by “skins” is hearts—that is, the hearts of those who fear their Lord. “Then their skins and their hearts soften at the remembrance of Allah”: that is, for the remembrance of Allah. Thus, when the verses of punishment are mentioned, the skins of those who fear Allah shudder; and when the verses of mercy are mentioned, their hearts soften and become tranquil, as Allah Most High says: “Surely in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find rest.” (al-Ra‘d 13:28)

The true meaning is that their hearts shudder out of fear and soften in hope.

Abu Sa‘id al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha‘labi informed us; al-Husayn ibn Muhammad informed me; Musa ibn Muhammad ibn Ali narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Abdus ibn Kamil narrated to us; Yahya ibn Abd al-Hamid al-Himmani narrated to us; Abd al-Aziz ibn Muhammad narrated to us from Yazid ibn al-Had, from Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Taymi, from Umm Kulthum bint al-Abbas, from al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “When the skin of a servant shudders out of fear of Allah, his sins fall away from him just as the leaves of a dry tree fall away.” (3)

(1) Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:219, to Ibn Mardawayh. Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar attributed it in al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 143, to al-Tha'labi, al-Hakim, and al-Bayhaqi in al-Shu'ab, on the authority of Ibn Mas'ud. He said: “Its chain contains Abu Farwah al-Rahawi, concerning whom there is criticism. Al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi also transmitted it in al-Nawadir, under the eighty-sixth principle.” (2) Mentioned by al-Qurtubi, 15:248. (3) Al-Haythami said, 10:310: “Al-Bazzar transmitted it, and its chain contains Umm Kulthum bint al-Abbas, whom I do not know; its remaining narrators are trustworthy.” Al-Mundhiri indicated that it is weak and attributed it in al-Targhib, 4:266, to Abu al-Shaykh in Kitab al-Thawab and to al-Bayhaqi. Al-Suyuti attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:222, to al-Hakim al-Tirmidhi in Nawadir al-Usul. Its chain contains al-Humani, who was accused of stealing hadiths; see al-Taqrib. See also al-Jarh wa al-Ta'dil, 9:168-169.

قَالَ: "إِذَا دَخَلَ النُّورُ الْقَلْبَ انْشَرَحَ وَانْفَسَحَ" قُلْنَا: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ فَمَا عَلَامَةُ ذَلِكَ؟ قَالَ: "الْإِنَابَةُ إِلَى دَارِ الْخُلُودِ، وَالتَّجَافِي عَنْ دَارِ الْغُرُورِ، وَالتَّأَهُّبُ لِلْمَوْتِ قَبْلَ نُزُولِ الْمَوْتِ" (١) . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿فَوَيْلٌ لِلْقَاسِيَةِ قُلُوبُهُمْ مِنْ ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ أُولَئِكَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ﴾ قَالَ مَالِكُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ: مَا ضُرِبَ عَبْدٌ بِعُقُوبَةٍ أَعْظَمَ مِنْ قَسْوَةِ قَلْبٍ، وَمَا غَضِبَ اللَّهُ ﷿ عَلَى قَوْمٍ إِلَّا نَزَعَ مِنْهُمُ الرَّحْمَةَ (٢) . ﴿اللَّهُ نَزَّلَ أَحْسَنَ الْحَدِيثِ كِتَابًا مُتَشَابِهًا مَثَانِيَ تَقْشَعِرُّ مِنْهُ جُلُودُ الَّذِينَ يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ ثُمَّ تَلِينُ جُلُودُهُمْ وَقُلُوبُهُمْ إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ ذَلِكَ هُدَى اللَّهِ يَهْدِي بِهِ مَنْ يَشَاءُ وَمَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ هَادٍ (٢٣) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿اللَّهُ نَزَّلَ أَحْسَنَ الْحَدِيثِ كِتَابًا مُتَشَابِهًا﴾ يُشْبِهُ بَعْضُهُ بَعْضًا فِي الْحُسْنِ، وَيُصَدِّقُ بَعْضُهُ بَعْضًا لَيْسَ فِيهِ تَنَاقُضٌ وَلَا اخْتِلَافٌ. ﴿مَثَانِيَ﴾ يُثَنَّى فِيهِ ذِكْرُ الْوَعْدِ وَالْوَعِيدِ، وَالْأَمْرِ وَالنَّهْيِ، وَالْأَخْبَارِ وَالْأَحْكَامِ، ﴿تَقْشَعِرُّ﴾ تَضْطَرِبُ وَتَشْمَئِزُّ، ﴿مِنْهُ جُلُودُ الَّذِينَ يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ﴾ وَالِاقْشِعْرَارُ تَغَيُّرٌ فِي جَلْدِ الْإِنْسَانِ عِنْدَ الْوَجَلِ وَالْخَوْفِ، وَقِيلَ: الْمُرَادُ مِنَ الْجُلُودِ الْقُلُوبُ، أَيْ: قُلُوبُ الَّذِينَ يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ، ﴿ثُمَّ تَلِينُ جُلُودُهُمْ وَقُلُوبُهُمْ إِلَى ذِكْرِ اللَّهِ﴾ أَيْ: لِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ، أَيْ: إِذَا ذُكِرَتْ آيَاتُ الْعَذَابِ اقْشَعَرَّتْ جُلُودُ الْخَائِفِينَ لِلَّهِ، وَإِذَا ذُكِرَتْ آيَاتُ الرَّحْمَةِ لَانَتْ وَسَكَنَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ، كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "أَلَا بِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ تَطْمَئِنُّ الْقُلُوبُ" (الرَّعْدِ-٢٨) . وَحَقِيقَةُ الْمَعْنَى: أَنَّ قُلُوبَهُمْ تَقْشَعِرُّ مِنَ الْخَوْفِ، وَتَلِينَ عِنْدَ الرَّجَاءِ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبُدُوسِ بْنِ كَامِلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الْحَمِيدِ الْحِمَّانِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنْ يَزِيدَ بْنِ الْهَادِ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ التَّيْمِيِّ، عَنْ أُمِّ كُلْثُومٍ بِنْتِ الْعَبَّاسِ، عَنِ الْعَبَّاسِ بْنِ عَبَدِ الْمَطْلَبِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِذَا اقْشَعَرَّ جِلْدُ الْعَبْدِ مِنْ خَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ تَحَاتَّتْ عَنْهُ ذُنُوبُهُ كَمَا يَتَحَاتُّ عَنِ الشَّجَرَةِ الْيَابِسَةِ وَرَقُهَا" (٣) .

(١) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٢١٩ لابن مردويه، وعزاه الحافظ ابن حجر في الكافي الشاف ص ١٤٣ للثعلبي والحاكم والبيهقي في الشعب من حديث ابن مسعود. وقال: "وفيه أبو فروة الرهاوي فيه كلام. ورواه الحكيم الترمذي في النوادر في الأصل السادس والثمانين". (٢) ذكره القرطبي: ١٥ / ٢٤٨. (٣) قال الهيثمي: (١٠ / ٣١٠) "رواه البزار، وفيه أم كلثوم بنت العباس، ولم أعرفها، وبقية رجاله ثقات" وأشار المنذري إلى تضعيفه وعزاه في الترغيب (٤ / ٢٦٦) لأبي الشيخ في كتاب الثواب والبيهقي. وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٢٢٢، للحكيم الترمذي في نوادر الأصول وفيه الحماني: اتهموه بسرقة الحديث (التقريب) وانظر: الجرح والتعديل: ٩ / ١٦٨-١٦٩.