Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/112)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Say, ‘I have been commanded to worship Allah, devoting my religion sincerely to Him. (11) And I have been commanded to be the first of the Muslims of this community. (12) Say, “I fear, should I disobey my Lord, the punishment of a tremendous Day.” (13) Say, “It is Allah I worship, devoting my religion sincerely to Him. (14) So worship whatever you wish besides Him.” Say, “The true losers are those who lose themselves and their families on the Day of Resurrection. Surely that is the manifest loss.” (15) Above them will be canopies of Fire, and beneath them canopies. By this Allah warns His servants: “O My servants, fear Me.” (16) As for those who shun false deities, refusing to worship them, and turn to Allah, for them is the glad tiding. So give glad tidings to My servants. (17)’”

“Devoting my religion sincerely to Him”: sincerely affirming His oneness, without associating anything with Him.

“And I have been commanded to be the first of the Muslims”: of this community.

“Say, ‘I fear, should I disobey my Lord’”: and worship another besides Him, “the punishment of a tremendous Day.” This was when he was called to the religion of his forefathers.

“Say, ‘It is Allah I worship, devoting my religion sincerely to Him. So worship whatever you wish besides Him.’” This is a command of rebuke and threat, like His saying: “Do whatever you wish.” (Fussilat, 40)

“Say, ‘The true losers are those who lose themselves and their families’”: their wives and servants, “on the Day of Resurrection.” Ibn Abbas said: Allah has assigned every person a dwelling and a household in Paradise. Whoever acts in obedience to Allah will have that dwelling and household; but whoever acts in disobedience to Allah will enter the Fire, and that dwelling and household will belong to someone else who acted in obedience to Allah. (1)

It was also said: losing oneself means entering the Fire, while losing one’s family means being separated from them. “Surely that is the manifest loss.”

“Above them will be canopies of Fire”: layers of enclosures made of fire and its smoke; “and beneath them canopies”: beds and couches of fire extending down to the lowest depth. What is beneath them is called canopies because it is a canopy for those below them. Similar to this is His saying: “For them is a bed from Hell, and above them are coverings.” (al-A‘raf, 41)

“By this Allah warns His servants: ‘O My servants, fear Me.’”

“As for those who shun false deities”—idols ⦗105/b⦘—“refusing to worship them, and turn to Allah”: they return to the worship of Allah. “For them is the glad tiding”: in this world, and Paradise in the Hereafter. “So give glad tidings to My servants.”

“Those who listen to the word and follow the best of it—those are the ones Allah has guided, and they are people of understanding. (18) Can you then save from the Fire one upon whom the decree of punishment has become binding? (19) But those who fear their Lord will have lofty chambers above which are other lofty chambers, built high, beneath which rivers flow: a promise from Allah. Allah never fails His promise. (20)”

“Those who listen to the word”: the Quran,

(1) See al-Qurtubi, 15:242.

﴿قُلْ إِنِّي أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ مُخْلِصًا لَهُ الدِّينَ (١١) وَأُمِرْتُ لِأَنْ أَكُونَ أَوَّلَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ (١٢) قُلْ إِنِّي أَخَافُ إِنْ عَصَيْتُ رَبِّي عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ (١٣) قُلِ اللَّهَ أَعْبُدُ مُخْلِصًا لَهُ دِينِي (١٤) فَاعْبُدُوا مَا شِئْتُمْ مِنْ دُونِهِ قُلْ إِنَّ الْخَاسِرِينَ الَّذِينَ خَسِرُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَأَهْلِيهِمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ أَلَا ذَلِكَ هُوَ الْخُسْرَانُ الْمُبِينُ (١٥) لَهُمْ مِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ ظُلَلٌ مِنَ النَّارِ وَمِنْ تَحْتِهِمْ ظُلَلٌ ذَلِكَ يُخَوِّفُ اللَّهُ بِهِ عِبَادَهُ يَا عِبَادِ فَاتَّقُونِ (١٦) وَالَّذِينَ اجْتَنَبُوا الطَّاغُوتَ أَنْ يَعْبُدُوهَا وَأَنَابُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ لَهُمُ الْبُشْرَى فَبَشِّرْ عِبَادِي (١٧) ﴾ ﴿قُلْ إِنِّي أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ مُخْلِصًا لَهُ الدِّينَ﴾ مُخْلِصًا لَهُ التَّوْحِيدَ لَا أُشْرِكُ بِهِ شَيْئًا. ﴿وَأُمِرْتُ لِأَنْ أَكُونَ أَوَّلَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ﴾ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ. ﴿قُلْ إِنِّي أَخَافُ إِنْ عَصَيْتُ رَبِّي﴾ وَعَبَدْتُ غَيْرَهُ، ﴿عَذَابَ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ﴾ وَهَذَا حِينَ دُعِيَ إِلَى دِينِ آبَائِهِ. ﴿قُلِ اللَّهَ أَعْبُدُ مُخْلِصًا لَهُ دِينِي فَاعْبُدُوا مَا شِئْتُمْ مِنْ دُونِهِ﴾ أَمْرُ تَوْبِيخٍ وَتَهْدِيدٍ، كَقَوْلِهِ: "اعْمَلُوا مَا شِئْتُمْ" (فُصِّلَتْ-٤٠) ﴿قُلْ إِنَّ الْخَاسِرِينَ الَّذِينَ خَسِرُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَأَهْلِيهِمْ﴾ أَزْوَاجَهُمْ وَخَدَمَهُمْ، ﴿يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ جَعَلَ لِكُلِّ إِنْسَانٍ مَنْزِلًا فِي الْجَنَّةِ وَأَهْلًا فَمَنْ عَمِلَ بِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ كَانَ ذَلِكَ الْمَنْزِلُ وَالْأَهْلُ لَهُ، وَمَنْ عَمِلَ بِمَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ دَخَلَ النَّارَ، وَكَانَ ذَلِكَ الْمَنْزِلُ وَالْأَهْلُ لِغَيْرِهِ مِمَّنْ عَمِلَ بِطَاعَةِ اللَّهِ (١) . وَقِيلَ: خُسْرَانُ النَّفْسِ بِدُخُولِ النَّارِ، وَخُسْرَانُ الْأَهْلِ بِأَنْ يُفَرَّقَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ أَهْلِهِ، ﴿أَلَا ذَلِكَ هُوَ الْخُسْرَانُ الْمُبِينُ﴾ . ﴿لَهُمْ مِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ ظُلَلٌ مِنَ النَّارِ﴾ أَطْبَاقُ سُرَادِقَاتٍ مِنَ النَّارِ وَدُخَّانِهَا، ﴿وَمِنْ تَحْتِهِمْ ظُلَلٌ﴾ فِرَاشٌ وَمِهَادٌ مِنْ نَارٍ إِلَى أَنْ يَنْتَهِيَ إِلَى الْقَعْرِ، وَسَمَّى الْأَسْفَلَ ظُلَلًا لِأَنَّهَا ظُلَلٌ لِمَنْ تَحْتِهُمْ نَظِيرُهَا قَوْلُهُ ﷿: "لَهُمْ مِنْ جَهَنَّمَ مِهَادٌ وَمِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ غَوَاشٍ" (الْأَعْرَافِ-٤١) . ﴿ذَلِكَ يُخَوِّفُ اللَّهُ بِهِ عِبَادَهُ يَا عِبَادِ فَاتَّقُونِ﴾ . ﴿وَالَّذِينَ اجْتَنَبُوا الطَّاغُوتَ﴾ الأوثان ١٠٥/ب ﴿أَنْ يَعْبُدُوهَا وَأَنَابُوا إِلَى اللَّهِ﴾ رَجَعُوا إِلَى عِبَادَةِ اللَّهِ، ﴿لَهُمُ الْبُشْرَى﴾ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْجَنَّةُ فِي الْعُقْبَى ﴿فَبَشِّرْ عِبَادِ﴾ . ﴿الَّذِينَ يَسْتَمِعُونَ الْقَوْلَ فَيَتَّبِعُونَ أَحْسَنَهُ أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ هَدَاهُمُ اللَّهُ وَأُولَئِكَ هُمْ أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ (١٨) أَفَمَنْ حَقَّ عَلَيْهِ كَلِمَةُ الْعَذَابِ أَفَأَنْتَ تُنْقِذُ مَنْ فِي النَّارِ (١٩) لَكِنِ الَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا رَبَّهُمْ لَهُمْ غُرَفٌ مِنْ فَوْقِهَا غُرَفٌ مَبْنِيَّةٌ تَجْرِي مِنْ تَحْتِهَا الْأَنْهَارُ وَعْدَ اللَّهِ لَا يُخْلِفُ اللَّهُ الْمِيعَادَ (٢٠) ﴾ ﴿الَّذِينَ يَسْتَمِعُونَ الْقَوْلَ﴾ الْقُرْآنَ،

(١) انظر: القرطبي: ١٥ / ٢٤٢.