Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/111)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

It was also narrated from Ibn Umar that it was revealed concerning Uthman (1).

Al-Kalbi related that it was revealed concerning Ibn Masud, Ammar, and Salman.

The qānit is one who remains steadfast in obedience. Ibn Umar said: “Qunūt is recitation of the Quran and prolonged standing,” and “the hours of the night” means its periods. “Prostrating and standing” means in prayer; “fearing the Hereafter” means fearing the Hereafter; and “hoping for the mercy of his Lord” means: is he like one who does none of this? “Say: Are those who know equal to those who do not know?” It was said: “Those who know” refers to Ammar, and “those who do not know” to Abu Hudhayfah al-Makhzumi. “Only people of understanding take heed.”

“Say, ‘O My servants who believe, fear your Lord. Those who do good in this world will have a good reward, and Allah’s earth is spacious. Indeed, those who are patient will be given their reward without measure.’ (10)”

“Say, ‘O My servants who believe, fear your Lord’” by obeying Him and avoiding disobedience to Him. “Those who do good in this world” means: those who believe and do righteous deeds. “Will have a good reward” means Paradise, as Muqatil said. Al-Suddi said: “A good reward in this world” means health and well-being. “Allah’s earth is spacious”: Ibn Abbas said that this means, “Depart from Mecca.” It contains an exhortation to emigrate from a land in which sins are openly committed.

It was also said that it was revealed concerning those who emigrated to Abyssinia.

Sa‘id ibn Jubayr said: Whoever is commanded to commit acts of disobedience should flee. “Indeed, those who are patient will be given their reward without measure”: those who remained patient upon their religion and did not abandon it because of harm.

It was said that it was revealed concerning Jafar ibn Abi Talib and his companions, who did not abandon their religion when the trial became severe for them; rather, they remained patient and emigrated (2).

Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, said: Every obedient person has his reward measured out and weighed for him, except those who are patient, for their reward is heaped upon them without measure (3).

It is related: “The people of affliction will be brought forth; no scale will be set up for them, nor will any record be opened for them. Rather, their reward will be poured upon them abundantly, without measure” (4). Allah Most High says: “Indeed, those who are patient will be given their reward without measure,” until those who enjoyed well-being in this world will wish that their bodies had been cut with shears, because of the bounty that the people of affliction receive.

(1) Cited by al-Wahidi in Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 426. (2) See al-Bahr al-Muhit, 7:419. (3) See al-Qurtubi, 15:241. (4) Part of a hadith attributed by al-Suyuti in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:215, to Ibn Mardawayh.

وَعَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي عُثْمَانَ (١) . وَعَنِ الْكَلْبِيِّ أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ وَعَمَّارٍ وَسَلْمَانَ. وَالْقَانِتُ: الْمُقِيمُ عَلَى الطَّاعَةِ. قَالَ ابْنُ عُمَرَ: "الْقُنُوتُ": قِرَاءَةُ الْقُرْآنِ وَطُولُ الْقِيَامِ، و"آناء اللَّيْلِ": سَاعَاتُهُ، ﴿سَاجِدًا وَقَائِمًا﴾ يَعْنِي: فِي الصَّلَاةِ، ﴿يَحْذَرُ الْآخِرَةَ﴾ يَخَافُ الْآخِرَةَ، ﴿وَيَرْجُو رَحْمَةَ رَبِّهِ﴾ يَعْنِي: كَمَنْ لَا يَفْعَلُ شَيْئًا مِنْ ذَلِكَ، ﴿قُلْ هَلْ يَسْتَوِي الَّذِينَ يَعْلَمُونَ وَالَّذِينَ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ قِيلَ: "الَّذِينَ يعلمون" عمار، و"الذين لَا يَعْلَمُونَ": أَبُو حُذَيْفَةَ الْمَخْزُومِيُّ، ﴿إِنَّمَا يَتَذَكَّرُ أُولُو الألْبَابِ﴾ . ﴿قُلْ يَا عِبَادِي الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمْ لِلَّذِينَ أَحْسَنُوا فِي هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةٌ وَأَرْضُ اللَّهِ وَاسِعَةٌ إِنَّمَا يُوَفَّى الصَّابِرُونَ أَجْرَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ (١٠) ﴾ ﴿قُلْ يَا عِبَادِي الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا رَبَّكُمْ﴾ بِطَاعَتِهِ وَاجْتِنَابِ مَعْصِيَتِهِ، ﴿لِلَّذِينَ أَحْسَنُوا فِي هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا﴾ أَيْ: آمَنُوا وَأَحْسَنُوا الْعَمَلَ، ﴿حَسَنَةٌ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْجَنَّةَ، قَالَهُ مُقَاتِلٌ. وَقَالَ الْسُّدِّيُّ: فِي هَذِهِ الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةٌ يَعْنِي: الصِّحَّةَ وَالْعَافِيَةَ، ﴿وَأَرْضُ اللَّهِ وَاسِعَةٌ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: يَعْنِي ارْتَحِلُوا مِنْ مَكَّةَ. وَفِيهِ حَثٌّ عَلَى الْهِجْرَةِ مِنَ الْبَلَدِ الَّذِي يَظْهَرُ فِيهِ الْمَعَاصِي. وَقِيلَ: نَزَلَتْ فِي مُهَاجِرِي الْحَبَشَةِ. وَقَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: مَنْ أُمِرَ بِالْمَعَاصِي فَلْيَهْرَبْ. ﴿إِنَّمَا يُوَفَّى الصَّابِرُونَ أَجْرَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ﴾ الَّذِينَ صَبَرُوا عَلَى دِينِهِمْ فَلَمْ يَتْرُكُوهُ لِلْأَذَى. وَقِيلَ: نَزَلَتْ فِي جَعْفَرِ بْنِ أَبِي طَالِبٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ، حَيْثُ لَمْ يَتْرُكُوا دِينَهُمْ لَمَّا اشْتَدَّ بِهِمُ الْبَلَاءُ وَصَبَرُوا وَهَاجَرُوا (٢) . قَالَ عَلِيٌّ ﵁: كُلُّ مُطِيعٍ يُكَالُ لَهُ كَيْلًا وَيُوزَنُ لَهُ وَزْنًا إِلَّا الصَّابِرُونَ، فَإِنَّهُ يُحْثَى لَهُمْ حَثْيًا (٣) . وَيُرْوَى: "يُؤْتَى بِأَهْلِ الْبَلَاءِ فَلَا يُنْصَبُ لَهُمْ مِيزَانٌ وَلَا يُنْشَرُ لَهُمْ دِيوَانٌ، وَيُصَبُّ عَلَيْهِمُ الْأَجْرُ صَبًّا بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ" (٤) . قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: (إِنَّمَا يُوَفَّى الصَّابِرُونَ أَجْرَهُمْ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ) حَتَّى يَتَمَنَّى أَهْلُ الْعَافِيَةِ فِي الدُّنْيَا أَنَّ أَجْسَادَهُمْ تُقْرَضُ بِالْمَقَارِيضِ مِمَّا يَذْهَبُ بِهِ أَهْلُ الْبَلَاءِ مِنَ الْفَضْلِ.

(١) ذكره الواحدي في أسباب النزول ص ٤٢٦. (٢) انظر: البحر المحيط: ٧ / ٤١٩. (٣) انظر: القرطبي: ١٥ / ٢٤١. (٤) قطعة من حديث عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٢١٥ لابن مردويه.