Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/104)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Surah al-Zumar

Meccan, except for His words: “Say, ‘O My servants who have transgressed against themselves...’”—to the end of the verse (1).

In the Name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate.

“The sending down of the Book is from Allah, the Almighty, the All-Wise. (1) Indeed, We have sent down to you the Book in truth; so worship Allah, devoting religion sincerely to Him. (2) Surely, pure devotion belongs to Allah alone. As for those who take protectors apart from Him, saying, ‘We worship them only so that they may bring us nearer to Allah in rank’: indeed, Allah will judge between them concerning that over which they differ. Surely, Allah does not guide one who is a persistent liar and disbeliever. (3)”

“The sending down of the Book is from Allah”: [that is, this is the sending down of the Book from Allah. It was also said that “the sending down of the Book”] (2) is the subject, whose predicate is: “from Allah, the Almighty, the All-Wise”—that is, the sending down of the Book is from Allah, not from anyone besides Him.

“Indeed, We have sent down to you the Book in truth.” Muqatil said: We did not send it down falsely or without purpose. “So worship Allah, devoting religion sincerely to Him”—that is, obedience.

“Surely, pure devotion belongs to Allah alone.” Qatadah said: It is the testimony that there is no god worthy of worship but Allah. It was also said: [None deserves pure devotion except Allah. And it was said: pure devotion, free from associating partners with Allah, belongs to Allah] (3).

“As for those who take protectors apart from Him”—that is, apart from Allah—“protectors,” meaning idols: “We worship them”—that is, they said, “We worship them only so that they may bring us nearer to Allah in rank.” Ibn Mas‘ud and Ibn ‘Abbas likewise recited it.

(1) Al-Nahhas related in his Ta'rikh, on the authority of Ibn Abbas: Surat al-Zumar was revealed in Mecca, except for three verses revealed in Medina concerning Wahshi, the killer of Hamzah: “Say, ‘O My servants who have transgressed against themselves...’” up to three verses. See Zad al-Masir, 7:160. (2) The text within parentheses is an addition from manuscript “B.” (3) In manuscript “A”: “None deserves the religion made pure of shirk (associationism) except Allah.”

سُورَةُ الزُّمَرِ مَكِّيَّةٌ إِلَّا قوله ﴿قل يا عبادي الَّذِينَ أَسْرَفُوا عَلَى أَنْفُسِهِمْ﴾ الْآيَةَ (١) . بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ ﴿تَنْزِيلُ الْكِتَابِ مِنَ اللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَكِيمِ (١) إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ فَاعْبُدِ اللَّهَ مُخْلِصًا لَهُ الدِّينَ (٢) أَلَا لِلَّهِ الدِّينُ الْخَالِصُ وَالَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِهِ أَوْلِيَاءَ مَا نَعْبُدُهُمْ إِلَّا لِيُقَرِّبُونَا إِلَى اللَّهِ زُلْفَى إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَهُمْ فِي مَا هُمْ فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي مَنْ هُوَ كَاذِبٌ كَفَّارٌ (٣) ﴾ ﴿تَنْزِيلُ الْكِتَابِ مِنَ اللَّهِ﴾ [أَيْ: هَذَا تَنْزِيلُ الْكِتَابِ مِنَ اللَّهِ. وَقِيلَ: تَنْزِيلُ الْكِتَابِ] (٢) مُبْتَدَأٌ وَخَبَرُهُ: ﴿مِنَ اللَّهِ الْعَزِيزِ الْحَكِيمِ﴾ أَيْ: تَنْزِيلُ الْكِتَابِ مِنَ اللَّهِ لَا مِنْ غَيْرِهِ. ﴿إِنَّا أَنْزَلْنَا إِلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ﴾ قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: لَمْ نُنْزِلْهُ بَاطِلًا لِغَيْرِ شَيْءٍ، ﴿فَاعْبُدِ اللَّهَ مُخْلِصًا لَهُ الدِّينَ﴾ الطَّاعَةَ. ﴿أَلَا لِلَّهِ الدِّينُ الْخَالِصُ﴾ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: شَهَادَةُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ. وَقِيلَ: [لَا يَسْتَحِقُّ الدِّينَ الْخَالِصَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَقِيلَ: الدِّينُ الْخَالِصُ مِنَ الشَّرَكِ هُوَ لِلَّهِ] (٣) . ﴿وَالَّذِينَ اتَّخَذُوا مِنْ دُونِهِ﴾ أَيْ: مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ، ﴿أَوْلِيَاءَ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْأَصْنَامَ، ﴿مَا نَعْبُدُهُمْ﴾ أَيْ قَالُوا: مَا نَعْبُدُهُمْ، ﴿إِلَّا لِيُقَرِّبُونَا إِلَى اللَّهِ زُلْفَى﴾ وَكَذَلِكَ قَرَأَ ابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ.

(١) أخرج النحاس في تاريخه عن ابن عباس ﵄ قال: نزلت بمكة سورة الزمر سوى ثلاث آيات نزلت بالمدينة في وحشي قاتل حمزة "قل ياعبادي الذين أسرفوا على أنفسهم" إلى ثلاث آيات. وانظر: زاد المسير: ٧ / ١٦٠. (٢) ما بين القوسين زيادة من "ب". (٣) في "أ": (لا يستحق الدين الخالص من الشرك سوى الله) .