Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/95)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

It is also said that he asked for this so that it would be a sign that his repentance had been accepted: Allah answered his supplication, restored his kingdom to him, and increased it.

Muqatil ibn Hayyan said: Solomon already had a kingdom, but by his words, “such as will not belong to anyone after me,” he meant the subjection of the winds, the birds, and the devils, as is evidenced by what follows.

‘Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Nu‘aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma‘il related to us; Muhammad ibn Bashshar related to us; Muhammad ibn Ja‘far related to us; Shu‘bah related to us from Muhammad ibn Ziyad, from Abu Hurayrah, from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who said:

“Last night, an ifrit from among the jinn came upon me to disrupt my prayer. But Allah enabled me to overcome him, and I seized him. I wished to tie him to one of the pillars of the mosque, so that all of you might look at him. But I remembered the supplication of my brother Solomon: ‘My Lord, grant me a kingdom such as will not belong to anyone after me.’ So I sent him away in disgrace.” (1)

“Then We subjected the wind to him, blowing gently at his command wherever he directed it; and the devils—every builder and diver; and others bound together in chains. ‘This is Our gift, so bestow or withhold without reckoning.’” (36–39)

His saying, glorified and exalted is He, “Then We subjected the wind to him, blowing gently at his command”: that is, mild and not tempestuous. “Wherever he directed it”: wherever he wished. (2) The Arabs say, “He attained what was right but missed the answer,” meaning that he intended what was right. (3)

“And the devils”: that is, We subjected the devils to him—“every builder,” who built for him whatever he wished of lofty chambers and statues, “and diver,” who brought forth pearls for him from the sea. He was the first to extract pearls from the sea.

“And others bound together in chains”: fastened in fetters. That is, We subjected others to him—the rebellious devils—until he bound them together in chains.

“This is Our gift”: that is, We said to him, “This is Our gift.” (4) “So bestow or withhold without reckoning.” Bestowal means showing generosity freely, without seeking anything in return. Its meaning is: give to whomever you wish and withhold from whomever you wish; there is no blame upon you for what you give or what you withhold.

Al-Hasan said: Whenever Allah grants anyone a blessing, there is a responsibility attached to it—except Solomon: if he gave, he was rewarded; and if

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Anbiya, chapter on the verse, “And We bestowed upon David Solomon—an excellent servant; indeed, he was ever turning back [to Allah],” 6:457-458; Muslim in Kitab al-Masajid, chapter on the permissibility of cursing Satan during prayer, seeking refuge from him, and performing slight actions during prayer, no. 541, 1:384; and the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 3:269. (2) Omitted from manuscript “B.” (3) Added from manuscript “B.” (4) Omitted from manuscript “B.”

وَقِيلَ: سَأَلَ ذَلِكَ لِيَكُونَ عَلَمًا عَلَى قَبُولِ تَوْبَتِهِ حَيْثُ أَجَابَ اللَّهُ دُعَاءَهُ وَرَدَّ إِلَيْهِ مُلْكَهُ، وَزَادَ فِيهِ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ: كَانَ لِسُلَيْمَانَ مُلْكًا وَلَكِنَّهُ أَرَادَ بِقَوْلِ: "لَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِي" تَسْخِيرَ الرِّيَاحِ وَالطَّيْرِ وَالشَّيَاطِينِ، بِدَلِيلِ مَا بَعْدَهُ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ بَشَّارٍ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: "إِنَّ عِفْرِيتًا مِنَ الْجِنِّ تَفَلَّتَ الْبَارِحَةَ لِيَقْطَعَ عَلَيَّ صَلَاتِي، فَأَمْكَنَنِي اللَّهُ مِنْهُ، فَأَخَذْتُهُ فَأَرَدْتُ أَنْ أَرْبُطَهُ عَلَى سَارِيَةٍ مِنْ سَوَارِي الْمَسْجِدِ، حَتَّى تَنْظُرُوا إِلَيْهِ كُلُّكُمْ، فَذَكَرْتُ دَعْوَةَ أَخِي سُلَيْمَانَ "رَبِّ هَبْ لِي مُلْكًا لَا يَنْبَغِي لِأَحَدٍ مِنْ بَعْدِي" فَرَدَدْتُهُ خَاسِئًا" (١) . ﴿فَسَخَّرْنَا لَهُ الرِّيحَ تَجْرِي بِأَمْرِهِ رُخَاءً حَيْثُ أَصَابَ (٣٦) وَالشَّيَاطِينَ كُلَّ بَنَّاءٍ وَغَوَّاصٍ (٣٧) وَآخَرِينَ مُقَرَّنِينَ فِي الْأَصْفَادِ (٣٨) هَذَا عَطَاؤُنَا فَامْنُنْ أَوْ أَمْسِكْ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ (٣٩) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿فَسَخَّرْنَا لَهُ الرِّيحَ تَجْرِي بِأَمْرِهِ رُخَاءً﴾ لَيِّنَةً لَيْسَتْ بِعَاصِفَةٍ، ﴿حَيْثُ أَصَابَ﴾ [حَيْثُ أَرَادَ] (٢) تَقُولُ الْعَرَبُ: أَصَابَ الصَّوَابَ [فَأَخْطَأَ الْجَوَابَ، تُرِيدُ أَرَادَ الصَّوَابَ] (٣) . ﴿وَالشَّيَاطِينَ﴾ أَيْ: وَسَخَّرَنَا لَهُ الشَّيَاطِينَ، ﴿كُلَّ بَنَّاءٍ﴾ يَبْنُونَ لَهُ مَا يَشَاءُ مِنْ مَحَارِيبَ وَتَمَاثِيلَ، ﴿وَغَوَّاصٍ﴾ يَسْتَخْرِجُونَ لَهُ اللَّآلِئَ مِنَ الْبَحْرِ، وَهُوَ أَوَّلُ مَنِ اسْتَخْرَجَ اللُّؤْلُؤَ مِنَ الْبَحْرِ. ﴿وَآخَرِينَ مُقَرَّنِينَ فِي الْأَصْفَادِ﴾ مَشْدُودِينَ فِي الْقُيُودِ، أَيْ: وَسَخَّرْنَا لَهُ آخَرِينَ، يَعْنِي: مَرَدَةَ الشَّيَاطِينِ، سُخِّرُوا لَهُ حَتَّى قَرَّنَهُمْ فِي الْأَصْفَادِ. ﴿هَذَا عَطَاؤُنَا﴾ [أَيْ قُلْنَا لَهُ هَذَا عَطَاؤُنَا] (٤) ﴿فَامْنُنْ أَوْ أَمْسِكْ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ﴾ الْمَنُّ: هُوَ الْإِحْسَانُ إِلَى مَنْ لَا يَسْتَثْنِيهِ، مَعْنَاهُ: أَعْطِ مَنْ شِئْتَ وَأَمْسِكْ عَمَّنْ شِئْتَ، بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ لَا حَرَجَ عَلَيْكَ فِيمَا أَعْطَيْتَ وَفِيمَا أَمْسَكْتَ. قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: مَا أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَى أَحَدٍ نِعْمَةً إِلَّا عَلَيْهِ تَبِعَةٌ، إِلَّا سُلَيْمَانَ فَإِنَّهُ أَعْطَى أُجَرُ، وَإِنْ

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الأنبياء، باب قوله تعالى: "ووهبنا لداود سليمان نعم العبد إنه أواب" ٦ / ٤٥٧ - ٤٥٨، ومسلم في المساجد، باب: جواز لعن الشيطان في أثناء الصلاة والتعوذ منه، وجواز العمل القليل برقم: (٥٤١) ١ / ٣٨٤ والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٣ / ٢٦٩. (٢) ساقط من "ب". (٣) زيادة من "ب". (٤) ساقط من "ب".