Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/86)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

to his recitation; it is related that they said, “David, your sin has taken away the sweetness of your voice.” (1)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il narrated to us; Sulayman ibn Harb and Abu al-Nu'man narrated to us, saying: Hammad ibn Zayd narrated to us, from Ayyub, from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them, who said: “The prostration verse in Surah Sad is not among the emphatically prescribed prostrations; yet I saw the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, prostrate when reciting it.” (2)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Abd Allah narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Ubayd al-Tanafisi narrated to us, from al-Awwam, who said: I asked Mujahid about the prostration verse in Surah Sad, and he said: I asked Ibn Abbas, “On what basis did you prostrate?” He replied, “Have you not read: ‘And among his descendants were David and Solomon,’ up to, ‘Those are the ones Allah has guided, so follow their guidance’ (al-An'am 6:84–90)? David was among those whom your Prophet was commanded to follow. David performed this prostration, and so the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, performed it.” (3)

Abu Uthman Sa'id ibn Isma'il al-Dabbi informed us; Abu Muhammad Abd al-Jabbar ibn Muhammad al-Jarrahi informed us; Abu al-Abbas Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Mahbubi narrated to us; Abu Isa al-Tirmidhi narrated to us; Qutaybah narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Zayd ibn Khunays narrated to us; al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn Ubayd Allah ibn Abi Yazid narrated to us, saying: Ibn Jurayj said to me: Ubayd Allah ibn Abi Yazid informed me, from Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with them, who said:

“A man came to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and said, ‘Messenger of Allah, last night, while I was asleep, I saw myself as though I were praying behind a tree. I prostrated, and the tree prostrated with me. I heard it saying: O Allah, record for me through it a reward with You; remove from me through it a sin; make it a treasure stored for me with You; and accept it from me as You accepted it from Your servant David.’”

Al-Hasan said: Ibn Jurayj said to me: Your grandfather said to me that Ibn Abbas said: “The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, then recited a prostration verse and prostrated, and I heard him saying [the same words] (4) that the man had related about the words of the tree.” (5)

(1) Qadi Iyad stated in his book al-Shifa bi-Ta'rif Huquq al-Mustafa, 2:827-828: “Do not give attention to the accounts recorded by the historians among the People of the Book, who altered and changed them, and then transmitted by the exegetes. Allah Most High did not explicitly mention any of this in His Book, nor has anything concerning it been reported in an authentic hadith. What Allah explicitly states in the story of David is His saying: ‘And David realized that We had tested him.’ There is no established report concerning David and Uriah.” Al-Dawudi said: “There is no established report concerning David and Uriah, and a prophet should not be thought to have desired the killing of a Muslim.” (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Sujud al-Quran, chapter: The Prostration of Sad, 2:553. (3) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Tafsir, commentary on Surah Sad, 8:544. (4) Omitted from manuscript B. (5) Narrated by al-Tirmidhi in al-Jumu'ah, chapters on travel, chapter: What has been related concerning what is said during Quranic prostration, 3:181. Abu Isa said: “This is a rare hadith narrated from Ibn Abbas; we know it only through this route.” It was also narrated by Ibn Majah in Iqamat al-Salah wa-al-Sunnah fiha, chapter: Quranic Prostration, no. 1053, 1:334; and by al-Hakim, 1:219-220, who graded it authentic, a judgment with which al-Dhahabi agreed. Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar said in al-Talkhis, 2:8: “Al-Shafi'i narrated it in al-Umm from Ibn Uyaynah, from Ayyub, from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, traced back to the Prophet. In his earlier work, he narrated it from Sufyan, from Umar ibn Dharr, from his father, who said: ‘David performed this prostration.’ Al-Bayhaqi said: ‘It was also narrated through another route from Umar ibn Dharr, from his father, from Sa'id ibn Jubayr, from Ibn Abbas, with a connected chain, but it is not strong.’ I [Ibn Hajar] say: Al-Nasa'i narrated it with a connected chain through the hadith of Hajjaj ibn Muhammad, from Umar ibn Dharr. Al-Daraqutni narrated something similar through the hadith of Abdullah ibn Buzay', from Umar ibn Dharr, and Ibn al-Jawzi criticized it on his account; however, he was corroborated by another narrator, and Ibn al-Sakan authenticated it. Al-Bukhari also narrates from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas: ‘Sad is not among the prescribed prostrations, but I saw the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, prostrate in it.’” See also Silsilat al-Ahadith al-Sahihah, no. 2710.

إِلَى قِرَاءَتِهِ، فَرُوِيَ أَنَّهَا قَالَتْ: يَا دَاوُدُ ذَهَبَتْ خَطِيئَتُكَ بِحَلَاوَةِ صَوْتِكَ (١) . وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا سُلَيْمَانُ بْنُ حَرْبٍ وَأَبُو النُّعْمَانِ قَالَا حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ أَيُّوبَ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ قَالَ: "سَجْدَةُ ص لَيْسَتْ مِنْ عَزَائِمِ السُّجُودِ، وَقَدْ رَأَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَسْجُدُ فِيهَا" (٢) . وَأَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبِيدٍ الطَّنَافِسِيُّ، عَنِ الْعَوَّامِ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ مُجَاهِدًا عَنْ سَجْدَةِ ص فَقَالَ: سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ عَبَّاسٍ مِنْ أَيْنَ سَجَدْتَ؟ قَالَ: أَوَمَا تَقْرَأُ: "وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّتِهِ دَاوُدَ وَسُلَيْمَانَ" إِلَى "أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللَّهُ فَبِهُدَاهُمُ اقْتَدِهِ" (الْأَنْعَامِ: ٨٤ -٩٠) وَكَانَ دَاوُدُ مِمَّنْ أُمِرَ نَبِيُّكُمْ أَنْ يَقْتَدِيَ بِهِ، فَسَجَدَهَا دَاوُدُ، فَسَجَدَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عُثْمَانَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ الضَّبِّيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الْجَبَّارِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْجَرَّاحِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَحْبُوبِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو عِيسَى التِّرْمِذِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ خُنَيْسٍ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَبِيدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي يَزِيدَ قَالَ: قَالَ لِي ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: أَخْبَرَنِي عَبِيدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ ﵄ قَالَ: "جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي رَأَيْتُنِي اللَّيْلَةَ وَأَنَا نَائِمٌ كَأَنِّي أُصَلِّي خَلْفَ شَجَرَةٍ، فَسَجَدْتُ فَسَجَدَتِ الشَّجَرَةُ لِسُجُودِي، فَسَمِعْتُهَا وَهِيَ تَقُولُ: اللَّهُمَّ اكْتُبْ لِي بِهَا عِنْدَكَ أَجْرًا، وَضَعْ عَنِّي بِهَا وِزْرًا، وَاجْعَلْهَا لِي عِنْدَكَ ذُخْرًا، وَتَقَبَّلْهَا مِنِّي كَمَا تَقَبَّلْتَهَا مِنْ عَبْدِكَ دَاوُدَ. قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: قَالَ لِي جَدُّكَ: قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فَقَرَأَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ سَجْدَةً ثُمَّ سَجَدَ، فَسَمِعْتُهُ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ [مِثْلَ ذَلِكَ] (٤) مَا أَخْبَرَهُ الرَّجُلُ عَنْ قول الشجرة" (٥)

(١) قال القاضي عياض في كتابه "الشفا بالتعريف بحقوق المصطفى" ٢ / ٨٢٧ - ٨٢٨ "لا تلتفت إلى ما سطره الأخباريون من أهل الكتاب الذين بدلوا وغيروا ونقله المفسرون، ولم ينص الله تعالى على شيء من ذلك في كتابه، ولا ورد في حديث صحيح، والذي نص الله عليه في قصة داود: قوله (وظن داود أنما فتناه) وليس في قصة داود وأوريا خبر ثابت.. وقال الداوودي: ليس في قصة داود وأوريا خبر يثبت، ولا يظن بنبي محبة قتل مسلم". (٢) أخرجه البخاري في سجود القرآن، باب: سجدة (ص) ٢ / ٥٥٣. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير- تفسير سورة (ص) ٨ / ٥٤٤. (٤) ساقط من "ب". (٥) أخرجه الترمذي في الجمعة، أبواب السفر، باب: ما جاء في ما يقول في سجود القرآن: ٣ / ١٨١، قال أبو عيسى: "هذا حديث غريب من حديث ابن عباس لا نعرفه إلا من هذا الوجه"، وابن ماجه في إقامة الصلاة والسنة فيها، باب: سجود القرآن برقم (١٠٥٣) ١ / ٣٣٤، والحاكم: ١ / ٢١٩ - ٢٢٠ وصححه ووافقه الذهبي. قال الحافظ ابن حجر في التلخيص ٢ / ٨: "رواه الشافعي في الأم عن ابن عيينة عن أيوب عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس مرفوعا. ورواه في القديم عن سفيان عن عمر بن ذر عن أبيه قال: سجدها داود، قال البيهقي: وروي من وجه آخر عن عمر بن ذر عن أبيه عن سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس موصولا وليس بالقوي. قلت: - ابن حجر - رواه النسائي من حديث حجاج بن محمد عن عمر بن ذر موصولا، ورواه الدارقطني من حديث عبد الله بن بزيع عن عمر بن ذر بنحوه، وأعله ابن الجوزي به، وقد توبع، وصححه ابن السكن، وفي البخاري عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس (ص) ليست من عزائم السجود وقد رأيت رسول الله ﷺ يسجد فيها". وانظر: سلسلة الأحاديث الصحيحة برقم (٢٧١٠) .