Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/76)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

to Allah is the prayer of David: he would fast one day and break his fast the next; he would sleep for half the night, stand in prayer for a third of it, and sleep for a sixth of it.” (1)

It was also said that he was a man of strength in kingship.

“Indeed, he was ever turning back.” That is, he repeatedly turned to Allah in repentance from everything He dislikes. Ibn ‘Abbas said: “Obedient.” Sa‘id ibn Jubayr said: “In the Ethiopian language, it means one who glorifies Allah.”

“Indeed, We subjected the mountains to glorify with him in the evening and at sunrise (18), and the birds, gathered together; each was ever turning back to Him (19). And We strengthened his kingdom and gave him wisdom and decisive speech (20).”

“Indeed, We subjected the mountains to glorify with him,” as He said: “And We subjected the mountains to glorify along with David” (al-Anbiya 21:79). “Glorifying” means glorifying Allah along with his glorification. “In the evening and at sunrise”: al-Kalbi said, “Morning and evening.” Ishraq is when the sun has risen and its light has fully spread. Ibn ‘Abbas explained it as the duha prayer.

Abu Sa‘id al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha‘labi informed us; Ibn Fanjawayh informed me; Ibn Abi Shaybah narrated to us; Abu Umayyah Muhammad ibn Ibrahim narrated to us; al-Hajjaj ibn Nusayr narrated to us; Abu Bakr al-Hudhali informed us from ‘Ata ibn Abi Rabah, from Ibn ‘Abbas, concerning His saying, “In the evening and at sunrise.” He said: “I would pass by this verse without knowing what it meant ⦗100/b⦘ until Umm Hani, daughter of Abu Talib, told me that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, entered upon her and called for water for ablution. He then performed ablution and prayed the duha prayer, saying: ‘O Umm Hani, this is the Ishraq prayer.’” (2)

His saying, “And the birds,” means: We also subjected the birds to him, “gathered together”—assembled before him, glorifying Allah with him. “Each was ever turning back to Him”: each was obedient, continually returning to obedience to Him through glorification. It was also said that their repeatedly turning back with him means that they glorified Allah with him.

“And We strengthened his kingdom,” that is, We fortified it with guards and troops. Ibn ‘Abbas said: “He possessed the strongest authority of any of the kings of the earth. Every night, thirty-six thousand men guarded his prayer chamber.”

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in the Book of Tahajjud, chapter: “One Who Sleeps at the Pre-Dawn Time,” 3:16; by Muslim in the Book of Fasting, chapter: “The Prohibition of Fasting Continuously,” no. 1159, 2:816; and by the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:60. (2) Reported by Ibn Mardawayh, al-Tha'labi, al-Wahidi, and al-Tabarani, all through Abu Bakr al-Hudhali, from Ata, from Ibn Abbas: Umm Hani narrated to me. Al-Hakim also reported it through another chain from Abd Allah ibn al-Harith, as a mawquf report stopping at Ibn Abbas, 4:35. It includes the statement of Ibn Abbas: “This is the Salat al-Ishraq (post-sunrise prayer).” Ibn Hajar said: “This is mawquf, and it is more sound.” Al-Haythami said: “Its chain includes Hajjaj ibn Nusayr, whom Ibn al-Madini and others declared weak, while Ibn Ma'in and Ibn Hibban considered him reliable.” See Al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 142; Majma al-Zawaid, 2:238.

إِلَى اللَّهِ صَلَاةُ دَاوُدَ، كَانَ يَصُومُ يَوْمًا وَيُفْطِرُ يَوْمًا، وَكَانَ يَنَامُ نِصْفَ اللَّيْلِ وَيَقُومُ ثُلُثَهُ، وَيَنَامُ سُدُسَهُ" (١) . وَقِيلَ: ذُو الْقُوَّةِ فِي الْمُلْكِ. ﴿إِنَّهُ أَوَّابٌ﴾ رَجَّاعٌ إِلَى اللَّهِ ﷿ بِالتَّوْبَةِ عَنْ كُلِّ مَا يَكْرَهُ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: مُطِيعٌ. قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: مُسَبِّحٌ بِلُغَةِ الْحَبَشِ. ﴿إِنَّا سَخَّرْنَا الْجِبَالَ مَعَهُ يُسَبِّحْنَ بِالْعَشِيِّ وَالْإِشْرَاقِ (١٨) وَالطَّيْرَ مَحْشُورَةً كُلٌّ لَهُ أَوَّابٌ (١٩) وَشَدَدْنَا مُلْكَهُ وَآتَيْنَاهُ الْحِكْمَةَ وَفَصْلَ الْخِطَابِ (٢٠) ﴾ ﴿إِنَّا سَخَّرْنَا الْجِبَالَ مَعَهُ﴾ كَمَا قَالَ: "وَسَخَّرْنَا مَعَ دَاوُدَ الْجِبَالَ" (الْأَنْبِيَاءُ-٧٩) ﴿يُسَبِّحْنَ﴾ بِتَسْبِيحِهِ، ﴿بِالْعَشِيِّ وَالْإِشْرَاقِ﴾ قَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: غُدْوَةً وَعَشِيَّةً. وَالْإِشْرَاقُ: هُوَ أَنْ تُشْرِقَ الشمس ويتناهى ضوؤها وَفَسَّرَهُ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: بِصَلَاةِ الضُّحَى. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي ابْنُ فَنْجَوَيْهِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو أُمَيَّةَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، حَدَّثَنَا الْحَجَّاجُ بْنُ نُصَيْرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ الْهُذَلِيُّ، عَنْ عَطَاءِ بْنِ أَبِي رَبَاحٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: "بِالْعَشِيِّ وَالْإِشْرَاقِ" قَالَ: كُنْتُ أَمُرُّ بِهَذِهِ الْآيَةِ لَا أَدْرِي ما هي ١٠٠/ب حَتَّى حَدَّثَتْنِي أُمُّ هَانِئٍ بِنْتُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ دَخَلَ عَلَيْهَا فَدَعَا بِوَضُوءٍ فَتَوَضَّأَ، ثُمَّ صَلَّى الضُّحَى، فَقَالَ: "يَا أَمَّ هَانِئٍ هَذِهِ صَلَاةُ الْإِشْرَاقِ" (٢) . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَالطَّيْرَ﴾ أَيْ: وَسَخَّرْنَا لَهُ الطَّيْرَ، ﴿مَحْشُورَةً﴾ مَجْمُوعَةً إِلَيْهِ تُسَبِّحُ مَعَهُ، ﴿كُلٌّ لَهُ أَوَّابٌ﴾ مُطِيعٌ رَجَّاعٌ إِلَى طَاعَتِهِ بِالتَّسْبِيحِ، وَقِيلَ: أَوَّابٌ مَعَهُ أَيْ مُسَبِّحٌ. ﴿وَشَدَدْنَا مُلْكَهُ﴾ أَيْ: قَوَّيْنَاهُ بِالْحَرَسِ وَالْجُنُودِ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: كَانَ أَشَدَّ مُلُوكِ الْأَرْضِ سُلْطَانًا، كَانَ يَحْرُسُ مِحْرَابَهُ كُلَّ لَيْلَةٍ سِتَّةٌ وَثَلَاثُونَ أَلْفَ رَجُلٍ.

(١) أخرجه البخاري في التهجد، باب: من نام عند السحر: ٣ / ١٦، ومسلم في الصيام، باب النهي عن صوم الدهر برقم: (١١٥٩) ٢ / ٨١٦، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٤ / ٦٠. (٢) رواه ابن مردويه، والثعلبي، والواحدي، والطبراني، كلهم من رواية أبي بكر الهذلي عن عطاء عن ابن عباس، حدثتني أم هانئ ورواه الحاكم من وجه آخر عن عبد الله بن الحارث موقوفا على ابن عباس: ٤ / ٣٥ وفيه: ثم قال ابن عباس: هذه صلاة الإشراق. قال ابن حجر: "هذا موقوف وهو أصح". قال الهيثمي: فيه حجاج بن نصير، ضعفه ابن المديني وجماعة، ووثقه ابن معين وابن حبان. انظر: الكافي الشاف ص (١٤٢) ، مجمع الزوائد: ٢ / ٢٣٨.