Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/65)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“So turn away from them for a while, (174) and watch them, for they will soon see. (175) Do they seek to hasten Our punishment? (176) But when it descends upon their precincts, how evil will be the morning of those who were warned! (177) And turn away from them for a while, (178) and watch; for they will soon see. (179) Glory be to your Lord, the Lord of might, far above what they ascribe to Him. (180) And peace be upon the messengers. (181) And all praise belongs to Allah, Lord of all worlds. (182)”

“So turn away”: that is, turn away “from them for a while.” Ibn Abbas said: meaning, until death. Mujahid said: until the Day of Badr. Al-Suddi said: until We command you to fight. It was also said: until Allah’s punishment comes upon them. Muqatil ibn Hayyan said: This was abrogated by the verse commanding fighting. (1)

“And watch them” when the punishment descends upon them, “for they will soon see” it. They had said, “When will this punishment come?”

Allah, Exalted is He, said: “Do they seek to hasten Our punishment? But when it descends”—that is, the punishment—“upon their precincts.” Muqatil said: in their presence. It was also said: in their courtyards. Al-Farra said: The Arabs suffice with mentioning the precincts in reference to the people. “How evil will be the morning of those who were warned!” That is, how evil will be the morning of the disbelievers who were warned of the punishment.

Abu al-Hasan al-Sarakhsī informed us; Zahir ibn Ahmad informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Hashimi informed us; Abu Musab informed us; Malik informed us, from Humayd al-Tawil, from Anas ibn Malik: When the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, set out for Khaybar, he reached it at night. Whenever he came upon a people at night, he would not launch an attack until morning. When morning came, the Jews of Khaybar emerged carrying their spades and baskets. When they saw the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, they said, “Muhammad—by Allah—Muhammad and the army!” Thereupon the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Allah is Most Great! Khaybar is ruined. Whenever we descend upon the precincts of a people, how evil is the morning of those who were warned!” (3)

He then repeated what We have mentioned, reinforcing the threat of punishment, saying:

“And turn away from them for a while, and watch” the punishment when it descends upon them, “for they will soon see.” He then declared Himself far above all imperfection, saying:

“Glory be to your Lord, the Lord of might”—that is, of dominion and power—“far above what they ascribe to Him,” namely, His taking a wife and children.

“And peace be upon the messengers” who conveyed from Allah the message of monotheism and the revealed laws.

“And all praise belongs to Allah, Lord of all worlds,” for the destruction of the enemies and the victory granted to the prophets, peace be upon them.

(1) See above, 3:32, note 1; and 3:273, note 2. (2) Maʻani al-Quran, 2:396. (3) Reported by Malik in al-Muwatta, Book of What Has Been Related Regarding Horses, 2:468; al-Bukhari in the Book of the Adhan, chapter: “What the adhan protects of bloodshed,” 2:89-90; Muslim in the Book of Jihad and Expeditions, chapter: The Expedition of Khaybar, no. 1365, 3:1426-1427; and by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 11:59.

﴿فَتَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ حَتَّى حِينٍ (١٧٤) وَأَبْصِرْهُمْ فَسَوْفَ يُبْصِرُونَ (١٧٥) أَفَبِعَذَابِنَا يَسْتَعْجِلُونَ (١٧٦) فَإِذَا نَزَلَ بِسَاحَتِهِمْ فَسَاءَ صَبَاحُ الْمُنْذَرِينَ (١٧٧) وَتَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ حَتَّى حِينٍ (١٧٨) وَأَبْصِرْ فَسَوْفَ يُبْصِرُونَ (١٧٩) سُبْحَانَ رَبِّكَ رَبِّ الْعِزَّةِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ (١٨٠) وَسَلَامٌ عَلَى الْمُرْسَلِينَ (١٨١) وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ (١٨٢) ﴾ ﴿فَتَوَلَّ﴾ أَعْرِضْ ﴿عَنْهُمْ حَتَّى حِينٍ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: يَعْنِي الْمَوْتَ. وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ. وَقَالَ الْسُّدِّيُّ: حَتَّى نَأْمُرَكَ بِالْقِتَالِ. وَقِيلَ: إِلَى أَنْ يَأْتِيَهُمْ عَذَابُ اللَّهِ، قَالَ مُقَاتِلُ بْنُ حَيَّانَ: نَسَخَتْهَا آيَةُ الْقِتَالِ (١) . ﴿وَأَبْصِرْهُمْ﴾ إِذَا نَزَلَ بِهِمُ الْعَذَابُ ﴿فَسَوْفَ يُبْصِرُونَ﴾ ذَلِكَ فَقَالُوا: مَتَى هَذَا الْعَذَابُ؟ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿أَفَبِعَذَابِنَا يَسْتَعْجِلُونَ * فَإِذَا نَزَلَ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْعَذَابَ ﴿بِسَاحَتِهِمْ﴾ قَالَ مُقَاتِلُ: بِحَضْرَتِهِمْ. وَقِيلَ: بِفِنَائِهِمْ. قَالَ الْفَرَّاءُ (٢) : الْعَرَبُ تَكْتَفِي بِذِكْرِ السَّاحَةِ عَنِ الْقَوْمِ، ﴿فَسَاءَ صَبَاحُ الْمُنْذَرِينَ﴾ فَبِئْسَ صَبَاحُ الْكَافِرِينَ الَّذِينَ أُنْذِرُوا بِالْعَذَابِ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْحَسَنِ السَّرَخْسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا زَاهِرُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الْهَاشِمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُصْعَبٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَالِكٌ، عَنْ حَمِيدٍ الطَّوِيلِ، عَنْ أَنَسِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ: أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ حِينَ خَرَجَ إِلَى خَيْبَرَ، أَتَاهَا لَيْلًا وَكَانَ إِذَا جَاءَ قَوْمًا بِلَيْلٍ لَمْ يَغْزُ حَتَّى يُصْبِحَ، قَالَ: فَلَمَّا أَصْبَحَ خَرَجَتْ يَهُودُ خَيْبَرَ بِمِسَاحِيِّهَا وَمَكَاتِلِهَا، فَلَمَّا رَأَوُا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالُوا: مُحَمَّدٌ، وَاللَّهِ، مُحَمَّدٌ وَالْخَمِيسُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "اللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ خَرِبَتْ خَيْبَرُ، إِنَّا إِذَا نَزَلْنَا بِسَاحَةِ قَوْمٍ فَسَاءَ صَبَاحُ الْمُنْذَرِينَ" (٣) . ثُمَّ كَرَّرَ مَا ذَكَرْنَا تَأْكِيدًا لِوَعِيدِ الْعَذَابِ فَقَالَ: ﴿وَتَوَلَّ عَنْهُمْ حَتَّى حِينٍ * وَأَبْصِرِ﴾ الْعَذَابَ إِذَا نَزَلَ بِهِمْ، ﴿فَسَوْفَ يُبْصِرُونَ﴾ . ثُمَّ نَزَّهَ نَفْسَهُ فَقَالَ: ﴿سُبْحَانَ رَبِّكَ رَبِّ الْعِزَّةِ﴾ الْغَلَبَةِ وَالْقُوَّةِ، ﴿عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ﴾ مِنِ اتِّخَاذِ الصَّاحِبَةِ وَالْأَوْلَادِ. ﴿وَسَلَامٌ عَلَى الْمُرْسَلِينَ﴾ الَّذِينَ بَلَّغُوا عَنِ اللَّهِ التَّوْحِيدَ وَالشَّرَائِعَ. ﴿وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ﴾ عَلَى هَلَاكِ الْأَعْدَاءِ وَنُصْرَةِ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ ﵈.

(١) انظر فيما سبق: ٣ / ٣٢ تعليق (١) ، ٣ / ٢٧٣ تعليق (٢) . (٢) معاني القرآن: ٢ / ٣٩٦. (٣) أخرجه مالك في الموطأ باب ما جاء في الخيل: ٢ / ٤٦٨، والبخاري في الأذان، باب: ما يحقن بالأذان من الدماء: ٢ / ٨٩-٩٠، ومسلم في الجهاد والسير، باب: غزوة خيبر برقم: ١٣٦٥، ٣ / ١٤٢٦-١٤٢٧، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١١ / ٥٩.