Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (1/242)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

the sea, and other signs. It is also said that it refers to the indications given to them in the Torah and the Gospel of the prophethood of Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him.

Regarding His saying, “Whoever changes”: that is, alters “Allah’s favor,” meaning Allah’s Book. It is also said that it means Allah’s covenant; and it is said: whoever denies the proof of Muhammad’s prophethood after it has come to him—then indeed, Allah is severe in punishment.

“The life of this world has been made appealing to those who disbelieve, and they ridicule those who believe. But those who are mindful of Allah will be above them on the Day of Resurrection. And Allah provides for whom He wills without measure.” (212) “Mankind was one community; then Allah sent the prophets as bearers of glad tidings and warners, and He sent down with them the Book in truth, that it might judge between people concerning that over which they differed. None differed concerning it except those who had been given it, after clear proofs had come to them, out of mutual envy. Then Allah guided those who believed, by His permission, to the truth concerning that over which they differed. And Allah guides whom He wills to a straight path.” (213)

Regarding His saying, “The life of this world has been made appealing to those who disbelieve”: the majority hold that the One who made it appealing is Allah Most High. Allah’s making it appealing consists in His creating beautiful things and wondrous sights; people then regard them as greater than their true worth, become captivated by them, and are thereby tempted. Al-Zajjaj said: Satan made it appealing to them.

It is said that this verse was revealed concerning the Arab polytheists—Abu Jahl and his companions—who enjoyed the wealth Allah had bestowed abundantly upon them in this world while denying the Resurrection. “And they ridicule those who believe”: that is, they mock the poor among the believers.

Ibn Abbas said: By “those who believe,” He meant Abd Allah ibn Masud, Ammar ibn Yasir, Suhayb, Bilal, Khabbab, and others like them. Muqatil said: It was revealed concerning the hypocrites, Abd Allah ibn Ubayy and his companions. They lived in comfort in this world and mocked the weak believers and the poor Emigrants, saying, “Look at these people through whom Muhammad claims that he will prevail.” Ata said: It was revealed concerning the Jewish leaders of Banu Qurayzah, al-Nadir, and Banu Qaynuqa, who mocked the poor Emigrants. Allah then promised to give the latter the wealth of Banu Qurayzah and al-Nadir without fighting. (1) “And they ridicule those who believe” because of their poverty; “but those who are mindful of Allah”—meaning these poor people—will be above them on the Day of Resurrection, for they will be in the highest heights, while the others will be in the lowest depths.

Abu Said Abd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Tahiri informed us; my grandfather, Abd al-Samad ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Bazzar, informed us; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyya al-Adhafiri informed us; Ishaq al-Dabari informed us; Abd al-Razzaq informed us; Mamar informed us, from Sulayman al-Taymi, from Abu Uthman al-Nahdi, from Usamah ibn Zayd, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “I stood at the gate of Paradise and saw that most of its inhabitants were the poor. I stood at the gate of Hell and saw that most of its inhabitants were women. And the people of wealth (2) were being detained, except those among them who belonged to the people of Hell, for they had already been commanded to enter Hell.” (3)

(1) See al-Wasit, 1:308; al-Durr al-Manthur, 1:581. (2) The Self-Sufficient. (3) This is part of a hadith narrated by al-Bukhari from Anas, in the Book of Marriage, chapter 87, 9:298; and by the compiler of Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:266.

الْبَحْرِ وَغَيْرِهَا. وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَاهَا الدَّلَالَاتُ الَّتِي آتَاهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ عَلَى نُبُوَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ. ﴿وَمَنْ يُبَدِّلْ﴾ يُغَيِّرْ ﴿نِعْمَةَ اللَّهِ﴾ كِتَابَ اللَّهِ، وَقِيلَ: عَهْدُ اللَّهُ وَقِيلَ: مَنْ يُنْكِرُ الدَّلَالَةَ عَلَى نُبُوَّةِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ ﴿مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَدِيدُ الْعِقَابِ﴾ ﴿زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا وَيَسْخَرُونَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَالَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا فَوْقَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَاللَّهُ يَرْزُقُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ (٢١٢) كَانَ النَّاسُ أُمَّةً وَاحِدَةً فَبَعَثَ اللَّهُ النَّبِيِّينَ مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ وَأَنْزَلَ مَعَهُمُ الْكِتَابَ بِالْحَقِّ لِيَحْكُمَ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ فِيمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ وَمَا اخْتَلَفَ فِيهِ إِلَّا الَّذِينَ أُوتُوهُ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ بَغْيًا بَيْنَهُمْ فَهَدَى اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لِمَا اخْتَلَفُوا فِيهِ مِنَ الْحَقِّ بِإِذْنِهِ وَاللَّهُ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ (٢١٣) ﴾ ﴿زُيِّنَ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا الْحَيَاةُ الدُّنْيَا﴾ الْأَكْثَرُونَ عَلَى أَنَّ الْمُزَيِّنَ هُوَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى، وَالتَّزْيِينُ مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى هُوَ أَنَّهُ خَلَقَ الْأَشْيَاءَ الْحَسَنَةَ وَالْمَنَاظِرَ الْعَجِيبَةَ، فَنَظَرَ الْخَلْقُ إِلَيْهَا بِأَكْثَرِ مِنْ قَدْرِهَا فَأَعْجَبَتْهُمْ فَفُتِنُوا بِهَا، وَقَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: زَيَّنَ لَهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ، قِيلَ نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي مُشْرِكِي الْعَرَبِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ وَأَصْحَابِهِ كَانُوا يَتَنَعَّمُونَ بِمَا بَسَطَ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ فِي الدُّنْيَا مِنَ الْمَالِ وَيُكَذِّبُونَ بِالْمَعَادِ ﴿وَيَسْخَرُونَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا﴾ أي يستهزءون بِالْفُقَرَاءِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: أَرَادَ بِالَّذِينِ آمَنُوا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ وَعَمَّارَ بْنَ يَاسِرٍ وَصُهَيْبًا وَبِلَالًا وَخَبَّابًا وَأَمْثَالَهُمْ، وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: نَزَلَتْ فِي الْمُنَافِقِينَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أُبَيٍّ وَأَصْحَابِهِ، كَانُوا يَتَنَعَّمُونَ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَيَسْخَرُونَ مِنْ ضُعَفَاءِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَفُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَيَقُولُونَ انْظُرُوا إِلَى هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ يَزْعُمُ مُحَمَّدٌ أَنَّهُ يَغْلِبُ بِهِمْ، وَقَالَ عَطَاءٌ: نَزَلَتْ فِي رُؤَسَاءِ الْيَهُودِ مِنْ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ وَالنَّضِيرِ وَبَنِي قَيْنُقَاعَ سَخِرُوا مِنْ فُقَرَاءِ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ فَوَعَدَهُمُ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُعْطِيَهُمْ أَمْوَالَ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ وَالنَّضِيرِ بِغَيْرِ قِتَالٍ (١) ﴿وَيَسْخَرُونَ مِنَ الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا﴾ لِفَقْرِهِمْ ﴿وَالَّذِينَ اتَّقَوْا﴾ يَعْنِي هَؤُلَاءِ الْفُقَرَاءَ ﴿فَوْقَهُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ﴾ لِأَنَّهُمْ فِي أَعْلَى عِلِّيِّينَ وَهُمْ فِي أَسْفَلِ السَّافِلِينَ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطَّاهِرِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا جَدِّي عَبْدُ الصَّمَدِ بْنُ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ الْبَزَّارُ أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ زَكَرِيَّا الْعَذَافِرِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْحَاقُ الدَّبَرِيُّ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَخْبَرَنَا مَعْمَرٌ عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ التَّيْمِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ "وَقَفْتُ عَلَى بَابِ الْجَنَّةِ فَرَأَيْتُ أَكْثَرَ أَهْلِهَا الْمَسَاكِينَ وَوَقَفْتُ عَلَى بَابِ النَّارِ فَرَأَيْتُ أَكْثَرَ أَهْلِهَا النِّسَاءَ وَإِذَا أَهْلُ الْجَدِّ (٢) مَحْبُوسُونَ إِلَّا مَنْ كَانَ مِنْهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ فَقَدْ أُمِرَ بِهِ إِلَى النَّارِ" (٣) .

(١) انظر: الوسيط: ١ / ٣٠٨، الدر المنثور: ١ / ٥٨١. (٢) الغني. (٣) قطعة من حديث أخرجه البخاري عن أنس: في النكاح باب رقم (٨٧) ٩ / ٢٩٨، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٢٦٦.