Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/63)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Then bring forth your Book, if you are telling the truth. (157) They have made a kinship between Him and the jinn, though the jinn know that they will surely be brought forth [for punishment]. (158) Glory be to Allah above what they describe—(159) except Allah’s chosen servants. (160) Yet you, along with what you worship, (161) cannot lead anyone astray by it (162) except one destined to burn in Hell. (163) There is not one of us but has a known station. (164)”

“Then bring forth your Book”—the one containing proof in your favour—“if you are telling the truth” in what you claim.

“They have made a kinship between Him and the jinn.” Mujahid and Qatadah said: By “the jinn” He means the angels; they were called jinn because they are concealed from sight.

Ibn ‘Abbas said: They are a tribe of the angels called the jinn, and Iblis was among them. They said: They are Allah’s daughters.

Al-Kalbi said: They said—may Allah curse them—rather, He married one of the jinn, and the angels came forth from her. (1) Exalted is Allah above that. Some of Quraysh had claimed that the angels were Allah’s daughters—exalted is Allah above that—so Abu Bakr al-Siddiq said, “Then who are their mothers?” They replied, “The noblewomen of the jinn.” (2)

Al-Hasan said: What is meant by kinship is that they associated the devils with Allah in worship. “And the jinn certainly know that they”—that is, those who make this statement—“will surely be brought forth” into the Fire. Then He declared Himself far above what they said, saying:

“Glory be to Allah above what they describe—except Allah’s chosen servants.” This is an exception from those who will be brought forth; that is, they will not be brought forth.

His saying, mighty and majestic is He, “Yet you”—addressing the people of Mecca—“along with what you worship,” namely, idols.

“You cannot lead anyone astray by it”—by what you worship—“except one destined to burn in Hell”: except one whom Allah has decreed will enter the Fire; that is, one for whom wretchedness has already preceded in Allah’s knowledge.

His saying, mighty and majestic is He, “There is not one of us but has a known station.” Gabriel says to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: There is not one of us, the company of angels, but has a known station; that is, there is no angel among us except that he has a known station in the heavens in which he worships Allah.

Ibn ‘Abbas said: There is not a handspan’s space in the heavens except that an angel upon it is praying or glorifying Allah.

(1) Reported by al-Tabari, 23:108. (2) Reported by al-Tabari, 23:108. Al-Suyuti also attributed it in Al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:133, to Adam ibn Abi Iyas, Abd ibn Humayd, Ibn al-Mundhir, Ibn Abi Hatim, and al-Bayhaqi in Shuab al-Iman.

﴿فَأْتُوا بِكِتَابِكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ (١٥٧) وَجَعَلُوا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْجِنَّةِ نَسَبًا وَلَقَدْ عَلِمَتِ الْجِنَّةُ إِنَّهُمْ لَمُحْضَرُونَ (١٥٨) سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ (١٥٩) إِلَّا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ الْمُخْلَصِينَ (١٦٠) فَإِنَّكُمْ وَمَا تَعْبُدُونَ (١٦١) مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ بِفَاتِنِينَ (١٦٢) إِلَّا مَنْ هُوَ صَالِي الْجَحِيمِ (١٦٣) وَمَا مِنَّا إِلَّا لَهُ مَقَامٌ مَعْلُومٌ (١٦٤) ﴾ ﴿فَأْتُوا بِكِتَابِكُمْ﴾ الَّذِي لَكَمَ فِيهِ حُجَّةٌ ﴿إِنْ كُنْتُمْ صَادِقِينَ﴾ فِي قَوْلِكُمْ. ﴿وَجَعَلُوا بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَ الْجِنَّةِ نَسَبًا﴾ قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ وَقَتَادَةُ: أَرَادَ بِالْجِنَّةِ: الْمَلَائِكَةَ، سُمُّوا جِنَّةً لِاجْتِنَانِهِمْ عَنِ الْأَبْصَارِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: حَيٌّ مِنَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ يُقَالُ لَهُمُ الْجِنُّ، وَمِنْهُمْ إِبْلِيسُ، قَالُوا: هُمْ بَنَاتُ اللَّهِ. وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: قَالُوا -لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ -بَلْ تَزَوَّجَ مِنَ الْجِنِّ فَخَرَجَ مِنْهَا الْمَلَائِكَةُ (١) تَعَالَى اللَّهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ، وَقَدْ كَانَ زَعَمَ بَعْضُ قُرَيْشٍ أَنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ بَنَاتُ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى اللَّهُ، فَقَالَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ الصَّدِيقُ: فَمَنْ أُمَّهَاتُهُمْ، قَالُوا: سَرَوَاتُ الْجِنِّ (٢) . وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: مَعْنَى النَّسَبِ أَنَّهُمْ أَشْرَكُوا الشَّيَاطِينَ فِي عِبَادَةِ اللَّهِ، ﴿وَلَقَدْ عَلِمَتِ الْجِنَّةُ أَنَّهُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي قَائِلِي هَذَا الْقَوْلِ ﴿لَمُحْضَرُونَ﴾ فِي النَّارِ، ثُمَّ نَزَّهَ نَفْسَهُ عَمَّا قَالُوا فَقَالَ: ﴿سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ عَمَّا يَصِفُونَ﴾ ﴿إِلَّا عِبَادَ اللَّهِ الْمُخْلَصِينَ﴾ هَذَا اسْتِثْنَاءٌ مِنَ الْمُحْضَرِينَ، أَيْ: أَنَّهُمْ لَا يَحْضُرُونَ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿فَإِنَّكُمْ﴾ يَقُولُ لِأَهْلِ مَكَّةَ: ﴿وَمَا تَعْبُدُونَ﴾ مِنَ الْأَصْنَامِ. ﴿مَا أَنْتُمْ عَلَيْهِ﴾ عَلَى مَا تَعْبُدُونَ، ﴿بِفَاتِنِينَ﴾ بِمُضِلِّينَ أَحَدًا. ﴿إِلَّا مَنْ هُوَ صَالِ الْجَحِيمِ﴾ إِلَّا مَنْ قَدَّرَ اللَّهُ أَنَّهُ سَيَدْخُلُ النَّارَ، أَيْ: سَبَقَ لَهُ فِي عِلْمِ اللَّهِ الشَّقَاوَةُ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَا مِنَّا إِلَّا لَهُ مَقَامٌ مَعْلُومٌ﴾ يَقُولُ جِبْرَائِيلُ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ وَمَا مِنَّا مَعْشَرَ الْمَلَائِكَةِ إِلَّا لَهُ مَقَامٌ مَعْلُومٌ، أَيْ: مَا مِنَّا مَلَكٌ إِلَّا لَهُ مَقَامٌ معلوم في السموات يَعْبُدُ اللَّهَ فِيهِ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: ما في السموات مَوْضِعُ شِبْرٍ إِلَّا وَعَلَيْهِ مَلَكٌ يُصَلِّي أَوْ يَسَبِّحُ.

(١) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٣ / ١٠٨. (٢) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٣ / ١٠٨، وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ١٣٣ أيضا لآدم بن أبي إياس، وعبد بن حميد، وابن المنذر، وابن أبي حاتم، والبيهقي في شعب الإيمان.