Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

—relief and a way out.” Allah Most High then revealed to Elijah: “Everything they have brought you is deceit and lies, intended to gain control over you. If Ahab’s messengers inform him that you have met this man and that he has not brought you back, he will accuse him and realize that he has been conciliatory in your matter; nor will he be safe from being killed by him. So go with him, for I shall distract Ahab from you both by intensifying his son’s affliction, until he has no concern other than him. Then I shall cause him to die in the worst state. Once he has died, withdraw from him.”

So he went with them until they came before Ahab. When they arrived, Allah Most High intensified his son’s pain, and the pangs of death began to choke him. Thus Allah Most High distracted Ahab and his companions from Elijah, and Elijah returned safely to his place. When Ahab’s son died, and they had concluded his affairs, and his grief had somewhat subsided, he remembered Elijah and asked the scribe who had brought him about him. The scribe replied, “I know nothing of him. The death of your son and the grief over him distracted me from him, and I had assumed that you had secured him.” Ahab then turned away from him and left him alone, preoccupied as he was by grief for his son.

When Elijah’s ordeal became prolonged, he grew weary of remaining in the mountains and longed for people. He descended from the mountain and went on until he came to stay with a woman from the Children of Israel: the mother of Jonah son of Matta, the Man of the Fish. ⦗98/a⦘ He remained hidden with her for six months, while Jonah son of Matta was then a nursing infant. Jonah’s mother served Elijah herself and supported him from her own means.

Then Elijah became weary of the confinement of houses after having grown accustomed to the wide expanse of the mountains. Longing to return to the mountains, he left and went back to his place. Jonah’s mother was distressed by their separation, and his absence left her lonely. Shortly thereafter, her son Jonah died when she had weaned him. Her calamity became overwhelming, so she went out in search of Elijah. She continued climbing and wandering through the mountains until she found him. When she came upon him, she said, “After you left, I was struck by the death of my son. My loss has become immense, and my affliction over his absence has grown severe. I have no child other than him. So have mercy on me and supplicate to your Lord, may He be exalted, to restore my son to life for me. I have left him laid out and have not buried him, and I have concealed the place where he is.”

Elijah said to her, “This is not among that which I have been commanded to do. I am only a servant under command, acting as my Lord commands me.” The woman was overcome with grief and pleaded earnestly, whereupon Allah Most High inclined Elijah’s heart toward her. He asked her, “When did your son die?” She replied, “Seven days ago.” Elijah then set out with her and travelled another seven days until he reached her home. He found her son dead, having been so for fourteen days. He performed ablution, prayed, and supplicated; and Allah Most High restored Jonah son of Matta to life. When he came back to life and sat up, Elijah rose, left him, and returned to his place.

When the disobedience of his people continued for long, Elijah became deeply distressed by it. After seven years, while he was fearful and exhausted, Allah Most High revealed to him: “O Elijah, why are you in such grief and distress? Are you not My trustee over My revelation, My proof on earth, and My chosen one from among My creation? Ask Me, and I shall give you; for I possess boundless mercy and immense bounty.”

He said, “Cause me to die and join me with my forefathers, for I have grown weary of the Children of Israel, and they have grown weary of me.” Allah Most High then revealed to him: “This is not the day on which I shall leave the earth and its people without you. Its stability and well-being rest upon you and those like you, even though you are few. But ask Me, and I shall give you.”

Elijah said, “If You will not cause me to die, then grant me vengeance against the Children of Israel.” Allah Most High said, “What, then, do you want?”

فَرَجًا وَمَخْرَجًا، فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَى إِلْيَاسَ أَنَّ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ جَاءَكَ مِنْهُمْ مَكْرٌ وَكَذِبٌ لِيَظْفَرُوا بِكَ، وَإِنَّ آجَبَ إِنْ أَخْبَرَتْهُ رُسُلُهُ أَنَّكَ قَدْ لَقِيتَ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ وَلَمْ يَأْتِ بِكَ اتَّهَمَهُ وَعَرَفَ أَنَّهُ قَدْ دَاهَنَ فِي أَمْرِكَ، فَلَمْ يَأْمَنْ أَنْ يَقْتُلَهُ، فَانْطَلِقْ مَعَهُ فَإِنِّي سَأُشْغِلُ عَنْكُمَا آجَبَ فَأُضَاعِفُ عَلَى ابْنِهِ الْبَلَاءَ، حَتَّى لَا يَكُونَ لَهُ هَمٌّ غَيْرُهُ، ثُمَّ أُمِيتُهُ عَلَى شَرِّ حَالٍ، فَإِذَا مَاتَ فَارْجِعْ عَنْهُ، قَالَ فَانْطَلَقَ مَعَهُمْ حَتَّى قَدِمُوا عَلَى آجَبَ، فَلَمَّا قَدِمُوا شَدَّدَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى الْوَجَعَ عَلَى ابْنِهِ وَأَخَذَ الْمَوْتُ يَكْظِمُهُ، فَشَغَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى بِذَلِكَ آجَبَ وَأَصْحَابَهُ عَنْ إِلْيَاسَ، فَرَجَعَ إِلْيَاسُ سَالِمًا إِلَى مَكَانِهِ، فَلَمَّا مَاتَ ابْنُ آجَبَ وَفَرَغُوا مِنْ أَمْرِهِ وَقَلَّ جَزَعُهُ انْتَبَهَ لِإِلْيَاسَ، وَسَأَلَ عَنْهُ الْكَاتِبَ الَّذِي جَاءَ بِهِ، فَقَالَ: لَيْسَ لِي بِهِ عِلْمٌ شَغَلَنِي عَنْهُ مَوْتُ ابْنِكَ وَالْجَزَعُ عَلَيْهِ، وَلَمْ أَكُنْ أَحْسَبُكَ إِلَّا قَدِ اسْتَوْثَقْتَ مِنْهُ، فَانْصَرَفَ عَنْهُ آجَبُ وَتَرَكَهُ لِمَا فِيهِ مِنَ الْحُزْنِ عَلَى ابْنِهِ. فِلْمَّا طَالَ الْأَمْرُ عَلَى إِلْيَاسَ مَلَّ السُّكُونَ فِي الْجِبَالِ وَاشْتَاقَ إِلَى النَّاسِ نَزَلَ مِنَ الْجَبَلِ فَانْطَلَقَ حَتَّى نَزَلَ بِامْرَأَةٍ مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، وَهِيَ أُمُّ يُونُسَ بْنِ مَتَّى ذي النون ٩٨/أاسْتَخْفَى عِنْدَهَا سِتَّةَ أَشْهُرٍ وَيُونُسُ بْنُ مَتَّى يَوْمَئِذٍ مَوْلُودٌ يَرْضَعُ، فَكَانَتْ أُمُّ يُونُسَ تَخْدِمُهُ بِنَفْسِهَا وَتُوَاسِيهِ بِذَاتِ يَدِهَا، ثُمَّ إِنَّ إِلْيَاسَ سَئِمَ ضِيقَ الْبُيُوتِ بَعْدَ تَعَوُّدِهِ فُسْحَةَ الْجِبَالِ، فَأَحَبَّ اللُّحُوقَ بِالْجِبَالِ فَخَرَجَ وَعَادَ إِلَى مَكَانِهِ، فَجَزِعَتْ أُمُّ يُونُسَ لِفِرَاقِهِ فَأَوْحَشَهَا فَقْدُهُ، ثُمَّ لَمْ تَلْبَثْ إِلَّا يَسِيرًا حَتَّى مَاتَ ابْنُهَا يُونُسُ حِينَ فَطَمَتْهُ، فَعَظُمَتْ مُصِيبَتُهَا فَخَرَجَتْ فِي طَلَبِ إِلْيَاسَ، فَلَمْ تَزَلْ تَرْقَى الْجِبَالَ وَتَطُوفُ فِيهَا حَتَّى عَثَرَتْ عَلَيْهِ، فَوَجَدَتْهُ وَقَالَتْ لَهُ: إِنِّي قَدْ فُجِعْتُ بَعْدَكَ لِمَوْتِ ابْنِي فَعَظُمَتْ فِيهِ مُصِيبَتِي وَاشْتَدَّ لِفَقْدِهِ بَلَائِي، وَلَيْسَ لِي وَلَدٌ غَيْرُهُ، فَارْحَمْنِي وَادْعُ لِي رَبَّكَ ﷻ لِيُحْيِيَ لِي ابْنِي وَإِنِّي قَدْ تَرَكْتُهُ مُسَجًّى لَمْ أَدْفِنْهُ، وَقَدْ أَخْفَيْتُ مَكَانَهُ، فَقَالَ لَهَا إِلْيَاسُ: لَيْسَ هَذَا مِمَّا أُمِرْتُ بِهِ، وَإِنَّمَا أَنَا عَبَدٌ مَأْمُورٌ أَعْمَلُ بِمَا يَأْمُرُنِي رَبِّي، فَجَزِعَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ وَتَضَرَّعَتْ فَأَعْطَفَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى قَلْبَ إِلْيَاسَ لَهَا، فَقَالَ لَهَا: مَتَى مَاتَ ابْنُكِ؟ قَالَتْ: مُنْذُ سَبْعَةِ أَيَّامٍ فَانْطَلَقَ إِلْيَاسُ مَعَهَا وَسَارَ سَبْعَةَ أَيَّامٍ أُخْرَى حَتَّى انْتَهَى إِلَى مَنْزِلِهَا، فَوَجَدَ ابْنَهَا مَيِّتًا لَهُ أَرْبَعَةَ عَشَرَ يَوْمًا، فَتَوَضَّأَ وَصَلَّى وَدَعَا، فَأَحْيَا اللَّهُ تَعَالَى يُونُسَ بْنَ مَتَّى، فَلَمَّا عَاشَ وَجَلَسَ وَثَبَ إِلْيَاسُ وَتَرَكَهُ وَعَادَ إِلَى مَوْضِعِهِ. فَلَمَّا طَالَ عِصْيَانُ قَوْمِهِ ضَاقَ بِذَلِكَ إِلْيَاسُ ذَرْعًا فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَيْهِ بَعْدَ سَبْعِ سِنِينَ وَهُوَ خَائِفٌ مَجْهُودٌ: يَا إِلْيَاسُ مَا هَذَا الْحُزْنُ وَالْجَزَعُ الَّذِي أَنْتَ فِيهِ؟ أَلَسْتَ أَمِينِي عَلَى وَحْيِي وَحُجَّتِي فِي أَرْضِي وَصَفْوَتِي مِنْ خَلْقِي؟ فَسَلْنِي أُعْطِكَ، فَإِنِّي ذُو الرَّحْمَةِ الْوَاسِعَةِ وَالْفَضْلِ الْعَظِيمِ، قَالَ: تُمِيتُنِي وَتُلْحِقُنِي بِآبَائِي فَإِنِّي قَدْ مَلِلْتُ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ وَمَلُّونِي، فَأَوْحَى اللَّهُ تَعَالَى إِلَيْهِ: يَا إِلْيَاسُ مَا هَذَا بِالْيَوْمِ الَّذِي أُعَرِّي عَنْكَ الْأَرْضَ وَأَهْلَهَا، وَإِنَّمَا قِوَامُهَا وَصَلَاحُهَا بِكَ وَبِأَشْبَاهِكَ، وَإِنْ كُنْتُمْ قَلِيلًا وَلَكِنْ سَلْنِي فَأُعْطِكَ، فَقَالَ إِلْيَاسُ: إِنْ لَمْ تُمِتْنِي فَأَعْطِنِي ثَأْرِي مِنْ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: فَأَيُّ شَيْءٍ تُرِيدُ

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