Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/23)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

al-Asfahani, who said: al-Hasan ibn Abi ‘Ali al-Za‘farani informed us; Ibn Abi al-Shawarib informed us; Abu ‘Asim al-‘Abbadani informed us; al-Fadl al-Raqashi informed us, from Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir, from Jabir ibn ‘Abd Allah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him, said:

“While the people of Paradise are enjoying their bliss, a light will shine upon them, and they will raise their heads. Then behold, their Lord, Exalted is He, will look down upon them from above them and say, ‘Peace be upon you, O people of Paradise.’ This is His saying: ‘Peace—a word from a Merciful Lord.’ He will gaze upon them and they will gaze upon Him. As long as they are gazing upon Him, they will not turn to any of the delights of Paradise, until He veils Himself from them. Then His light and His blessing will remain upon them in their dwellings.” (1)

It was also said that the angels greet them on behalf of their Lord.

Muqatil said: “The angels enter upon the people of Paradise through every gate, saying, ‘Peace be upon you, O people of Paradise, from your Merciful Lord.’”

It was also said that He grants them everlasting safety, saying: “Receive everlasting safety.”

“But stand apart today, you criminals! (59) Did I not command you, O children of Adam, not to worship Satan? Indeed, he is a clear enemy to you. (60) And worship Me. This is a straight path. (61) Yet he has led a great multitude of you astray. Did you not then understand?” (62)

Regarding the words, “But stand apart today, you criminals”: Muqatil said: “Withdraw today from the righteous.” Abu al-‘Aliyah said: “Separate yourselves.” Al-Suddi said: “Keep apart.” Al-Zajjaj said: “Set yourselves apart from the believers.” Al-Dahhak said: “Every disbeliever in Hell will have a house. He will enter that house, and its door will be sealed over with fire; he will remain therein forever and ever, seeing no one and seen by none.” (2)

Regarding the words, “Did I not command you, O children of Adam”: that is, “Did I not order you, O children of Adam, not to worship Satan”—meaning, not to obey Satan in disobeying Allah—“for indeed, he is a clear enemy to you,” whose enmity is manifest.

“And worship Me”: obey Me and affirm My oneness. “This is a straight path.”

Regarding the words, “Yet he has led a great multitude of you astray”: the Medinan reciters and ‘Asim recited it as jibillan, with i-vowels on the jim and the ba, and with the lam doubled. Ya‘qub recited it as jubullan, with u-vowels on the jim and the ba, and with the lam doubled. Ibn ‘Amir and Abu ‘Amr recited it with an u-vowel—

(1) Reported by Ibn Majah in al-Muqaddimah, chapter: “Concerning what the Jahmiyyah deny,” no. 184, 1:66–67. In al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:65–66, al-Suyuti also attributed it to Ibn Abi al-Dunya in Sifat al-Jannah, al-Bazzar, Ibn Abi Hatim, al-Ajuri in al-Ru'yah, and Ibn Mardawayh. Al-Busiri stated in Misbah al-Zujajah: “What I found in al-Uqayli’s book reads: ‘Abd Allah ibn Ubayd Allah, Abu Asim al-Abadani, is a munkar al-hadith (narrator of rejected reports). Al-Fadl held Qadari views, and error nearly came to predominate in his hadith.’” See also Majma al-Zawa'id, 7:98, and Daif al-Jami al-Saghir, hadith no. 2362. (2) See al-Bahr al-Muhit, 7:343.

الْأَصْفَهَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي عَلِيٍّ الزَّعْفَرَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي الشَّوَارِبِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَاصِمٍ الْعَبَّادَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْفَضْلُ الرَّقَاشِيُّ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "بَيْنَا أَهْلُ الْجَنَّةِ فِي نَعِيمِهِمْ إِذْ سَطَعَ لَهُمْ نُورٌ فَرَفَعُوا رُؤُوسَهُمْ، فَإِذَا الرَّبُّ ﷿ قَدْ أَشْرَفَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ فَوْقِهِمْ، فَقَالَ: السَّلَامُ عَلَيْكُمْ يَا أَهْلَ الْجَنَّةِ، فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ: "سَلَامٌ قَوْلًا مِنْ رَبٍّ رَحِيمٍ" فَيَنْظُرُ إِلَيْهِمْ وَيَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْهِ، فَلَا يَلْتَفِتُونَ إِلَى شَيْءٍ مِنَ النَّعِيمِ مَا دَامُوا يَنْظُرُونَ إِلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَحْتَجِبَ عَنْهُمْ فَيَبْقَى نُورُهُ وَبَرَكَتُهُ عَلَيْهِمْ فِي دِيَارِهِمْ" (١) . وَقِيلَ: تُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْهِمِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ. قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: تَدْخُلُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ عَلَى أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ مِنْ كُلِّ بَابٍ يَقُولُونَ: سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُمْ يَا أَهْلَ الْجَنَّةِ مِنْ رَبِّكُمُ الرَّحِيمِ. وَقِيلَ: يُعْطِيهُمُ السَّلَامَةَ، يَقُولُ: اسْلَمُوا السَّلَامَةَ الْأَبَدِيَّةَ. ﴿وَامْتَازُوا الْيَوْمَ أَيُّهَا الْمُجْرِمُونَ (٥٩) أَلَمْ أَعْهَدْ إِلَيْكُمْ يَا بَنِي آدَمَ أَنْ لَا تَعْبُدُوا الشَّيْطَانَ إِنَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ (٦٠) وَأَنِ اعْبُدُونِي هَذَا صِرَاطٌ مُسْتَقِيمٌ (٦١) وَلَقَدْ أَضَلَّ مِنْكُمْ جِبِلًّا كَثِيرًا أَفَلَمْ تَكُونُوا تَعْقِلُونَ (٦٢) ﴾ ﴿وَامْتَازُوا الْيَوْمَ أَيُّهَا الْمُجْرِمُونَ﴾ قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: اعْتَزِلُوا الْيَوْمَ مِنَ الصَّالِحِينَ. قَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ: تَمَيَّزُوا. وَقَالَ الْسُّدِّيُّ: كُونُوا عَلَى حِدَةٍ. وَقَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: انْفَرَدُوا عَنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ. قَالَ الضَّحَّاكُ: إِنَّ لِكُلِّ كَافِرٍ فِي النَّارِ بَيْتًا يُدْخَلُ ذَلِكَ الْبَيْتَ وَيُرْدَمُ بَابُهُ بِالنَّارِ فَيَكُونُ فِيهِ أَبَدَ الْآبِدِينَ لَا يَرَى وَلَا يُرَى (٢) . ﴿أَلَمْ أَعْهَدْ إِلَيْكُمْ يَا بَنِي آدَمَ﴾ أَلَمْ آمُرْكُمْ يَا بَنِي آدَمَ ﴿أَنْ لَا تَعْبُدُوا الشَّيْطَانَ﴾ أَيْ: لَا تُطِيعُوا الشَّيْطَانَ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ ﴿إِنَّهُ لَكُمْ عَدُوٌّ مُبِينٌ﴾ ظَاهِرُ الْعَدَاوَةِ. ﴿وَأَنِ اعْبُدُونِي﴾ أَطِيعُونِي وَوَحِّدُونِي ﴿هَذَا صِرَاطٌ مُسْتَقِيمٌ﴾ . ﴿وَلَقَدْ أَضَلَّ مِنْكُمْ جِبِلًّا كَثِيرًا﴾ قَرَأَ أَهْلُ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَعَاصِمٌ: "جِبِلًّا" بِكَسْرِ الْجِيمِ وَالْبَاءِ وَتَشْدِيدِ اللَّامِ، وَقَرَأَ يَعْقُوبُ: "جُبُلًّا" بِضَمِّ الْجِيمِ وَالْبَاءِ وَتَشْدِيدِ اللَّامِ، وَقَرَأَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ، وَأَبُو عَمْرٍو بِضَمِّ

(١) أخرجه ابن ماجه في المقدمة، باب: فيما أنكرت الجهمية، برقم: (١٨٤) ١ / ٦٦-٦٧، وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٦٥-٦٦ أيضا لابن أبي الدنيا في صفة الجنة والبزار وابن أبي حاتم والآجري في الرؤية وابن مردويه، قال البوصيري في مصباح الزجاجة: "والذي رأيته أنا في كتاب العقيلي ما نصه: عبد الله بن عبيد الله أبو عاصم العباداني، منكر الحديث، وكان الفضل يرى القدر، كاد أن يغلب على حديثه الوهم". وانظر مجمع الزوائد ٧ / ٩٨، وضعيف الجامع الصغير رقم الحديث (٢٣٦٢) . (٢) انظر: البحر المحيط: ٧ / ٣٤٣.