Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/22)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Indeed, the people of Paradise will, on that Day, be joyfully occupied—
they and their spouses, reclining on couches in the shade. They will have fruit therein, and they will have whatever they request. ‘Peace’—a word from a Merciful Lord.” (55–58)

“So today no soul will be wronged in the least, nor will you be recompensed except for what you used to do.”

Regarding the words, “Indeed, the people of Paradise will, on that Day, be joyfully occupied”: Ibn Kathir, Nafi', and Abu 'Amr read shughl, with the letter ghayn unvocalized, while the rest read it with an u-vowel on the ghayn. Both are linguistic variants, like suht and suhut, both meaning unlawful gain.

They differed concerning the meaning of this occupation. Ibn 'Abbas said: “In deflowering virgins.” (1) Waki' ibn al-Jarrah said: “In listening.”

Al-Kalbi said: “They will be occupied away from the people of Hell and the state in which they are; their affair will not concern them, nor will they remember them.”

Al-Hasan said: “They will be occupied by the bliss of Paradise from the punishment suffered by the people of Hell.”

Ibn Kaysan said: “In visiting one another.” It was also said: “In Allah’s hospitality.” (2)

Regarding the words, “joyfully occupied”: Abu Ja'far read it as fakihun wherever it occurs, and Hafs agreed with him in Surah al-Mutaffifin. Both are linguistic variants, just as hadhir and hadhir are two forms meaning “wary”; that is, they will be in bliss. Mujahid and al-Dahhak said: “Delighted with what they are enjoying.” Ibn 'Abbas said: “Rejoicing.”

Regarding the words, “they and their spouses”: that is, their wives. “In the shade”: Hamzah and al-Kisa'i read zulal, with an u-vowel on the initial consonant and without a long a vowel, as the plural of zullah (canopy). The majority read zilal, with a long a vowel and an i-vowel on the initial consonant, as the plural of zill (shade). “Upon couches”: that is, couches in canopied chambers; its singular is arikah. (3) Tha'lab said: “A couch is not called an arikah unless it has a hajlah (canopy) over it.” “Reclining”: that is, reclining at ease.

“They will have fruit therein, and they will have whatever they request”: they will wish for and desire it.

“Peace—a word from a Merciful Lord”: that is, Allah greets them with words; Allah speaks to them.

Abu Sa'id Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Tha'labi informed us; 'Abd al-Khaliq ibn 'Ali ibn 'Abd al-Khaliq al-Mu'adhdhin informed us; Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Musa al-Malhami related to me,

(1) Reported by al-Tabari, 23:18. Al-Suyuti also attributed it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:64, to Ibn Abi Shaybah, Ibn Abi al-Dunya in Sifat al-Jannah, Ibn al-Mundhir, Ibn Abi Hatim, and Ibn Mardawayh. (2) See these views in al-Bahr al-Muhit, 7:342. (3) Hijal is the plural of hijlah: a bridal chamber adorned with garments, beds, and curtains. Lisan al-Arab states: “A hijlah is like a dome. The bride’s hijlah is well known; it is a chamber screened with garments and beds.”

﴿إِنَّ أَصْحَابَ الْجَنَّةِ الْيَوْمَ فِي شُغُلٍ فَاكِهُونَ (٥٥) هُمْ وَأَزْوَاجُهُمْ فِي ظِلَالٍ عَلَى الْأَرَائِكِ مُتَّكِئُونَ (٥٦) لَهُمْ فِيهَا فَاكِهَةٌ وَلَهُمْ مَا يَدَّعُونَ (٥٧) سَلَامٌ قَوْلًا مِنْ رَبٍّ رَحِيمٍ (٥٨) ﴾ ﴿فَالْيَوْمَ لَا تُظْلَمُ نَفْسٌ شَيْئًا وَلَا تُجْزَوْنَ إِلَّا مَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ﴾ . ﴿إِنَّ أَصْحَابَ الْجَنَّةِ الْيَوْمَ فِي شُغُلٍ﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ كَثِيرٍ وَنَافِعٌ وَأَبُو عَمْرٍو "فِي شُغْلٍ"، بِسُكُونِ الْغَيْنِ، وَالْبَاقُونَ بِضَمِّهَا، وَهُمَا لُغَتَانِ مِثْلَ السُّحْتِ وَالسُّحُتِ. وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي مَعْنَى الشُّغُلِ، قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فِي افْتِضَاضِ الْأَبْكَارِ (١) ، وَقَالَ وَكِيعُ بْنُ الْجِرَاحِ: فِي السَّمَاعِ. وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: فِي شُغُلٍ عَنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ وَعَمَّا هُمْ فِيهِ لَا يُهِمُّهُمْ أَمْرُهُمْ وَلَا يَذْكُرُونَهُمْ. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: شُغِلُوا بِمَا فِي الْجَنَّةِ مِنَ النَّعِيمِ عَمَّا فِيهِ أَهْلُ النَّارِ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ كَيْسَانَ: فِي زِيَارَةِ بَعْضِهِمْ بَعْضًا. وَقِيلَ: فِي ضِيَافَةِ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى (٢) . ﴿فَاكِهُونَ﴾ قَرَأَ أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ: "فَكِهُونَ" حَيْثُ كَانَ، وَافَقَهُ حَفْصٌ فِي الْمُطَفِّفِينَ؛ وَهُمَا لُغَتَانِ مِثْلُ: الْحَاذِرُ وَالْحَذِرُ أَيْ: نَاعِمُونَ. قَالَ: مُجَاهِدٌ وَالضَّحَّاكُ: مُعْجَبُونَ بِمَا هُمْ فِيهِ. وَعَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: فَرِحُونَ. ﴿هُمْ وَأَزْوَاجُهُمْ﴾ أَيْ: حَلَائِلُهُمْ ﴿فِي ظِلَالٍ﴾ قَرَأَ حَمْزَةُ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ: "ظُلَلٍ" بِضَمِّ الظَّاءِ مِنْ غَيْرِ أَلِفٍ جَمْعُ ظُلَّةٍ وَقَرَأَ الْعَامَّةُ: "فِي ظِلَالٍ" بِالْأَلِفِ وَكَسْرِ الظَّاءِ عَلَى جَمْعِ ظِلٍّ ﴿عَلَى الْأَرَائِكِ﴾ يَعْنِي السُّرَرَ فِي الْحِجَالِ (٣) ، وَاحِدَتُهَا: أَرِيكَةٌ. قَالَ ثَعْلَبٌ: لَا تَكُونُ أَرِيكَةً حَتَّى يَكُونَ عَلَيْهَا حَجْلَةٌ ﴿مُتَّكِئُونَ﴾ ذَوُو اتِّكَاءٍ. ﴿لَهُمْ فِيهَا فَاكِهَةٌ وَلَهُمْ مَا يَدَّعُونَ﴾ يَتَمَنَّوْنَ وَيَشْتَهُونَ. ﴿سَلَامٌ قَوْلًا مِنْ رَبٍّ رَحِيمٍ﴾ أَيْ: يُسَلِّمُ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ قَوْلًا أَيْ: يَقُولُ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ قَوْلًا. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْخَالِقِ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْخَالِقِ الْمُؤَذِّنُ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى الْمَلْحَمِيُّ

(١) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٣ / ١٨، وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٦٤ أيضا لابن أبي شيبة وابن أبي الدنيا في صفة الجنة وابن المنذر وابن أبي حاتم وابن مردويه. (٢) انظر هذه الأقوال في البحر المحيط: ٧ / ٣٤٢. (٣) الحجال: جمع حجلة وهو بيت للعروس يزين بالثياب، والأسرة، والستور، قال في اللسان: والحجلة مثل القبة، وحجلة العروس معروفة، وهي بيت يستر بالثياب والأسرة.