Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (7/21)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

It has been narrated to us that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “The Hour will surely come while two men have spread out a garment between them; they will neither complete its sale nor fold it up. And the Hour will surely come while a man has raised his morsel (1) to his mouth, but will not eat it.” (2)

“Then they will not be able to make a bequest, nor will they return to their families. (50) And the Trumpet will be blown, and behold, they will rush forth from the graves to their Lord. (51) They will say, ‘Woe to us! Who has raised us from our resting place? This is what the Most Merciful promised, and the messengers spoke the truth.’ (52) It will be but a single blast, and behold, they will all be brought before Us. (53)”

His saying, exalted is He, “Then they will not be able to make a bequest,” means: they will not be able to leave a will. Muqatil said: They were overtaken before they could make a will, and so they died. “Nor will they return to their families”: that is, they will not return to them. The meaning is that the Hour will grant them no respite for anything.

“And the Trumpet will be blown”: this is the final blast, the blast of resurrection. Between the two blasts are forty years. “And behold, they will rush forth from the graves”: that is, from the graves; the singular is jadath. “To their Lord”: they will emerge alive from their graves. Hence a child is called nasl, because he emerges from his mother’s womb.

“They will say, ‘Woe to us! Who has raised us from our resting place?’” Ubayy ibn Kab, Ibn Abbas, and Qatadah said: They say this only because Allah, Exalted is He, will lift the punishment from them between the two blasts, and they will sleep. Then, when they are resurrected after the final blast and behold the Resurrection, they will cry out in woe. (3)

The scholars of meaning said: When the disbelievers behold Hell and its various punishments, the punishment of the grave will seem like sleep in comparison. They will therefore say, “Woe to us! (4) Who has raised us from our resting place?” Then they will say, “This is what the Most Merciful promised, and the messengers spoke the truth.” [They made this admission when it could no longer benefit them. It was also said that the angels will say to them: “This is what the Most Merciful promised, and the messengers spoke the truth.”] (5)

Mujahid said: The disbelievers will say, “Who has raised us from our resting place?” Then the believers will say, “This is what the Most Merciful promised, and the messengers spoke the truth.” “It will be but”: that is, it was no more than “a single blast,” meaning the final blast; “and behold, they will all be brought before Us.”

(1) Added from manuscript B. (2) An excerpt from a hadith recorded by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Fitan, 13:81-82, and by the compiler in Sharh al-Sunnah, 15:26-27. (3) See al-Durr al-Manthur, 7:63-64. (4) Omitted from manuscript A. (5) Omitted from manuscript A.

وَرُوِّينَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "لَتَقُومَنَّ السَّاعَةُ وَقَدْ نَشَرَ الرَّجُلَانِ ثَوْبَهُمَا بَيْنَهُمَا فَلَا يَتَبَايَعَانِهِ وَلَا يَطْوِيَانِهِ وَلَتَقُومَنَّ السَّاعَةُ وَقَدْ رَفَعَ الرَّجُلُ (١) أَكْلَتَهُ إِلَى فِيهِ فَلَا يَطْعَمُهَا" (٢) . ﴿فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ تَوْصِيَةً وَلَا إِلَى أَهْلِهِمْ يَرْجِعُونَ (٥٠) وَنُفِخَ فِي الصُّورِ فَإِذَا هُمْ مِنَ الْأَجْدَاثِ إِلَى رَبِّهِمْ يَنْسِلُونَ (٥١) قَالُوا يَا وَيْلَنَا مَنْ بَعَثَنَا مِنْ مَرْقَدِنَا هَذَا مَا وَعَدَ الرَّحْمَنُ وَصَدَقَ الْمُرْسَلُونَ (٥٢) إِنْ كَانَتْ إِلَّا صَيْحَةً وَاحِدَةً فَإِذَا هُمْ جَمِيعٌ لَدَيْنَا مُحْضَرُونَ (٥٣) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿ ﴿فَلَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ تَوْصِيَةً﴾ أَيْ: لَا يَقْدِرُونَ عَلَى الْإِيصَاءِ. قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: عَجِلُوا عَنِ الْوَصِيَّةِ فَمَاتُوا ﴿وَلَا إِلَى أَهْلِهِمْ يَرْجِعُونَ﴾ يَنْقَلِبُونَ، وَالْمَعْنَى أَنَّ السَّاعَةَ لَا تُمْهِلُهُمْ لِشَيْءٍ. ﴿وَنُفِخَ فِي الصُّورِ﴾ وَهِيَ النَّفْخَةُ الْأَخِيرَةُ نَفْخَةُ الْبَعْثِ، وَبَيْنَ النَّفْخَتَيْنِ أَرْبَعُونَ سَنَةً ﴿فَإِذَا هُمْ مِنَ الْأَجْدَاثِ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْقُبُورُ وَاحِدُهَا: جَدَثٌ ﴿إِلَى رَبِّهِمْ يَنْسِلُونَ﴾ يَخْرُجُونَ مِنَ الْقُبُورِ أَحْيَاءً، وَمِنْهُ قِيلَ لِلْوَلَدِ: نَسْلٌ لِخُرُوجِهِ مِنْ بَطْنِ أمه. ﴿قَالُوا يَا وَيْلَنَا مَنْ بَعَثَنَا مِنْ مَرْقَدِنَا﴾ قَالَ أَبَيُّ بْنُ كَعْبٍ، وَابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَقَتَادَةُ: إِنَّمَا يَقُولُونَ هَذَا لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى يَرْفَعُ عَنْهُمُ الْعَذَابَ بَيْنَ النَّفْخَتَيْنِ فَيَرْقُدُونَ فَإِذَا بُعِثُوا بَعْدَ النَّفْخَةِ الْأَخِيرَةِ وَعَايَنُوا الْقِيَامَةَ دَعَوْا بِالْوَيْلِ (٣) . وَقَالَ أَهْلُ الْمَعَانِي: إِنَّ الْكُفَّارَ إِذَا عَايَنُوا جَهَنَّمَ وَأَنْوَاعَ عَذَابِهَا صَارَ عَذَابُ الْقَبْرِ فِي جَنْبِهَا كَالنَّوْمِ، فَقَالُوا: يَا وَيْلَنَا (٤) مَنْ بَعَثَنَا مِنْ مَرْقَدِنَا؟ ثُمَّ قَالُوا: ﴿هَذَا مَا وَعَدَ الرَّحْمَنُ وَصَدَقَ الْمُرْسَلُونَ﴾ [أَقَرُّوا حِينَ لَمْ يَنْفَعْهُمُ الْإِقْرَارُ. وَقِيلَ: قَالَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ لَهُمْ: "هَذَا مَا وَعَدَ الرَّحْمَنُ وَصَدَقَ الْمُرْسَلُونَ"] (٥) . قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: يَقُولُ الْكُفَّارُ: "مَنْ بَعَثَنَا مِنْ مَرْقَدِنَا"؟ فَيَقُولُ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ: "هَذَا مَا وَعَدَ الرَّحْمَنُ وَصَدَقَ الْمُرْسَلُونَ". ﴿إِنْ كَانَتْ﴾ مَا كَانَتْ ﴿إِلَّا صَيْحَةً وَاحِدَةً﴾ يَعْنِي: النَّفْخَةَ الْآخِرَةَ ﴿فَإِذَا هُمْ جَمِيعٌ لَدَيْنَا مُحْضَرُونَ﴾ .

(١) زيادة من "ب". (٢) قطعة من حديث أخرجه البخاري في الفتن: ١٣ / ٨١-٨٢، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٥ / ٢٦-٢٧. (٣) انظر: الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٦٣-٦٤. (٤) ساقط من "أ". (٥) ساقط من "أ".