Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/421)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Among them are those who wrong themselves; among them are those who take a middle course; and among them are those who, by Allah’s permission, excel in good deeds.” It is narrated from Usamah ibn Zayd concerning His saying, Exalted is He, “Among them are those who wrong themselves,” and the rest of the verse, that he said: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “All of them belong to this community.” (1)

Abu Sa‘id al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha‘labi informed us; al-Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn Fanjawayh informed me; Muhammad ibn ‘Ali ibn al-Husayn al-Qadi informed us; Bakr ibn Muhammad al-Marwazi informed us; Abu Qilabah informed us; ‘Amr ibn al-Husayn narrated to us, from al-Fadl ibn ‘Umayrah, from Maymun al-Kurdi, from Abu ‘Uthman al-Nahdi, who said: I heard ‘Umar ibn al-Khattab recite from the pulpit: “Then We granted the Book as an inheritance to those of Our servants whom We chose,” and the rest of the verse. He then said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Those foremost among us are foremost; those among us who take a middle course are saved; and those among us who wrong themselves are forgiven.” (2) Abu Qilabah said: I related it to Yahya ibn Ma‘in, and he was greatly astonished by it.

The exegetes differed regarding the meaning of the one who wrongs himself, the one who takes a middle course, and the one who excels in good deeds.

Ahmad ibn ‘Abdullah al-Salihi informed us; Abu Sa‘id Muhammad ibn ‘Isa al-Sayrafi informed us; Abu ‘Abdullah Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullah al-Saffar informed us; Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa al-Burti narrated to us; Muhammad ibn Kathir narrated to us; Sufyan informed us, from al-A‘mash, from a man, from Abu Thabit: A man entered the mosque and said, “O Allah, have mercy on my estrangement, comfort my loneliness, and send me a righteous companion.” Abu al-Darda’ said, “If you are truthful, then I am more fortunate in you than you are in me. I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, recite this verse: ‘Then We granted the Book as an inheritance to those of Our servants whom We chose. Among them are those who wrong themselves; among them are those who take a middle course; and among them are those who excel in good deeds.’ He then said: ‘As for the one who excels in good deeds, he will enter Paradise without reckoning. As for the one who takes a middle course, he will be called to an easy reckoning. As for the one who wrongs himself, he will be held at the standing-place until distress overtakes him; then he will enter Paradise.’ Then he recited this verse: ‘And they will say, “Praise be to Allah, who has removed from us all sorrow. Indeed, our Lord is truly All-Forgiving, Most Appreciative.”’” (3)

(1) Narrated by al-Tabarani in al-Kabir, 1/131, and by al-Bayhaqi in al-Ba'th. Its chain includes Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Layla, who had a poor memory. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 7/24; Majma al-Zawa'id, 7/96. (2) Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar stated in al-Kafi al-Shaf, p. 139: “Al-Bayhaqi narrated it in al-Shu'ab through Maymun ibn Siyah from Umar, as a marfu report (attributed to the Prophet), but this chain is disconnected. Al-Thalabi and Ibn Mardawayh also narrated it by another route, from Maymun ibn Siyah, from Abu Uthman al-Nahdi, from Umar. It contains al-Fadl ibn Umayrah, who is weak. Sa'id ibn Mansur narrated it from Faraj ibn Fadalah, from Azhar ibn Abd Allah al-Harazi, from someone who heard Umar, citing it as a mawquf report (stopped at Umar). Al-Suyuti attributed the mawquf version to Sa'id ibn Mansur, Ibn Abi Shaybah, Ibn al-Mundhir, and al-Bayhaqi in al-Ba'th, on the authority of Umar; and the marfu version, by another route, to al-Uqayli, Ibn Lall, Ibn Mardawayh, and al-Bayhaqi. Ibn al-Najjar also narrated it from Anas as a marfu report.” See al-Durr al-Manthur, 7/25. (3) Al-Haythami stated in Majma al-Zawa'id, 7/95: “It was narrated by al-Tabarani and Ahmad in abbreviated form, except that he said: ‘From al-Amash, from Thabit or Abu Thabit, that a man...’ Thabit ibn Ubayd and those before him are narrators of the Sahih collections, while al-Tabarani’s chain contains an unnamed narrator.” Al-Hakim also narrated it, 2/426, and said: “The reports concerning the chain of this hadith differ. It was narrated from al-Thawri, from al-Amash, from Abu Thabit, from Abu al-Darda; it was also said: from Shubah, from al-Amash, from a man of Thaqif, from Abu al-Darda; and it was also said, from al-Thawri, from al-Amash: ‘Abu Thabit mentioned it from Abu al-Darda.’ When the routes of transmission for a hadith are numerous, this shows that the hadith has an original basis.” See al-Tabari, 22/137.

﴿فَمِنْهُمْ ظَالِمٌ لِنَفْسِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مُقْتَصِدٌ وَمِنْهُمْ سَابِقٌ بِالْخَيْرَاتِ﴾ رُوِيَ عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ ﷿: "فَمِنْهُمْ ظَالِمٌ لِنَفْسِهِ" الْآيَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "كُلُّهُمْ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ". (١) أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنِي الْحُسَيْنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ فَنْجَوَيْهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَلِيِّ بْنِ الْحُسَيْنِ الْقَاضِي، أَخْبَرَنَا بَكْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْمَرْوَزِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو قِلَابَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَمْرُو بْنُ الْحُصَيْنِ، عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ عَمِيرَةَ، عَنْ مَيْمُونٍ الْكُرْدِيِّ، عَنْ أَبِي عُثْمَانَ النَّهْدِيِّ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عُمَرَ بْنَ الْخَطَّابِ قَرَأَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ: ﴿ثُمَّ أَوْرَثْنَا الْكِتَابَ الَّذِينَ اصْطَفَيْنَا مِنْ عِبَادِنَا﴾ الْآيَةَ، فَقَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "سَابِقُنَا سَابِقٌ، وَمُقْتَصِدُنَا نَاجٍ، وَظَالِمُنَا مَغْفُورٌ لَهُ"، (٢) قَالَ أَبُو قِلَابَةَ فَحَدَّثْتُ بِهِ يَحْيَى بْنَ مَعِينٍ فَجَعَلَ يَتَعَجَّبُ مِنْهُ. وَاخْتَلَفَ الْمُفَسِّرُونَ فِي مَعْنَى الظَّالِمِ وَالْمُقْتَصِدِ وَالسَّابِقِ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عِيسَى الصَّيْرَفِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو عَبْدِ اللَّهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّفَّارُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى الْبَرْتِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ كَثِيرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، عَنْ أَبِي ثَابِتٍ أَنَّ رَجُلًا دَخَلَ الْمَسْجِدَ فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ ارْحَمْ غُرْبَتِي، وَآنِسْ وَحْشَتِي، وَسُقْ إِلَيَّ جَلِيسًا صَالِحًا، فَقَالَ أَبُو الدَّرْدَاءِ: لَئِنْ كُنْتَ صَادِقًا لَأَنَا أَسْعَدُ بِكَ مِنْكَ، سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: "ثُمَّ أَوْرَثْنَا الْكِتَابَ الَّذِينَ اصْطَفَيْنَا مِنْ عِبَادِنَا فَمِنْهُمْ ظَالِمٌ لِنَفْسِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مُقْتَصِدٌ وَمِنْهُمْ سَابِقٌ بِالْخَيْرَاتِ" فَقَالَ: "أَمَّا السَّابِقُ بِالْخَيْرَاتِ فَيَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ بِغَيْرِ حِسَابٍ، وَأَمَّا الْمُقْتَصِدُ فَيُحَاسَبُ حِسَابًا يَسِيرًا، وَأَمَّا الظَّالِمُ لِنَفْسِهِ فَيُحْبَسُ فِي الْمَقَامِ حَتَّى يَدْخُلَهُ الْهَمُّ، ثُمَّ يَدْخُلُ الْجَنَّةَ"، ثُمَّ قَرَأَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: "وَقَالُوا الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَذْهَبَ عَنَّا الْحَزَنَ إِنَّ رَبَّنَا لَغَفُورٌ شَكُورٌ". (٣)

(١) أخرجه الطبراني في الكبير: ١ / ١٣١، والبيهقي في البعث، وفيه محمد بن عبد الرحمن بن أبي ليلى وهو سيئ الحفظ. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٢٤، مجمع الزوائد: ٧ / ٩٦. (٢) قال الحافظ ابن حجر في الكافي الشاف ص (١٣٩) : "رواه البيهقي في الشعب من رواية ميمون بن سياه عن عمر ﵁ مرفوعا وهذا منقطع، وأخرجه الثعلبي وابن مردويه من وجه آخر عن ميمون ابن سياه عن أبي عثمان النهدي عن عمر. فيه الفضل بن عميرة: وهو ضعيف، ورواه سعيد بن منصور عن فرج بن فضالة عن أزهر بن عبد الله الحرازي عمن سمع عمر فذكره موقوفا، وعزاه السيوطي لسعيد بن منصور، وابن أبي شيبة، وابن المنذر، والبيهقي في البعث موقوفا على عمر ﵁، وللعقيلي وبن لال، وابن مردويه والبيهقي من وجه آخر مرفوعا، وأخرجه ابن النجار عن أنس مرفوعا. انظر: الدر المنثور: ٧ / ٢٥. (٣) قال الهيثمي في المجمع: ٧ / ٩٥ "رواه الطبراني وأحمد باختصار إلا أنه قال: عن الأعمش عن ثابت أو أبي ثابت أن رجلا وثابت بن عبيد ومن قبله من رجال الصحيح، وفي إسناد الطبراني غير مسمى"، وأخرجه الحاكم: ٢ / ٤٢٦ وقال: "وقد اختلفت الروايات عن الأعمش في إسناد هذا الحديث، فروي عن الثوري عن الأعمش عن أبي ثابت عن أبي الدرداء ﵁، وقيل عن شعبة عن الأعمش عن رجل من ثقيف عن أبي الدرداء، وقيل عن الثوري أيضا عن الأعمش قال: ذكر أبو ثابت عن أبي الدرداء، وإذا كثرت الروايات في الحديث ظهر أن للحديث أصلا" وانظر الطبري: ٢٢ / ١٣٧.