Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/419)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Do you not see that Allah sends down rain from the sky, and by it We bring forth fruits of diverse colors? And in the mountains are streaks, white and red of diverse shades, and others intensely black. Likewise, among people, creatures, and livestock are those of diverse colors. Only those of His servants who have knowledge truly fear Allah. Indeed, Allah is Almighty, All-Forgiving.” (27–28)

“Do you not see that Allah sends down rain from the sky, and by it We bring forth fruits of diverse colors? And in the mountains are streaks”: that is, paths and lines; the singular is juddah, just as muddah is the singular of mudad. “White and red of diverse shades, and others intensely black”: that is, intensely black streaks; the word order has been inverted. One says aswad ghirbib, meaning intensely black, likened to the color of a crow—that is, black streaks. “Likewise, among people, creatures, and livestock are those of diverse colors”: the singular pronoun is used because of the word “among.” It is also said that the pronoun refers back to an implicit antecedent. Its meaning is: among people, creatures, and livestock are those whose colors differ. “Likewise”: that is, just as the colors of fruits and mountains differ. The statement ends here, after which He begins: “Only those of His servants who have knowledge truly fear Allah.” Ibn Abbas said: “It means that, among My creation, only those who know My overwhelming might, My power, and My authority fear Me.”

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Numayri informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il informed us; Umar ibn Hafs informed us; al-Amash informed us; Muslim informed us, from Masruq ⦗91/A⦘, from Aishah, may Allah be pleased with her: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, did something and permitted it, but some people refrained from it as a matter of scrupulousness. This reached the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, so he delivered a sermon, praised Allah, and then said: “What is the matter with people who refrain from something that I do? By Allah, I know Allah better than they do, and I fear Him more than they do.” (1)

The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “If you knew what I know, you would laugh little and weep much.” (2)

Masruq said: “Fear of Allah is sufficient knowledge, and being deluded concerning Allah is sufficient ignorance.” A man said to al-Shabi, “Give me a legal ruling, O scholar.” Al-Shabi replied, “The scholar is only one who fears Allah, Exalted is He.”

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-I'tisam, chapter: “What is disliked of excessive probing, disputation, extremism in religion, and religious innovations,” 13/276; and by Muslim in Kitab al-Fada'il, chapter: “His knowledge of Allah Most High and the intensity of his fear of Him,” no. 2356, 4/1829; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 1/199-200. (2) Part of a hadith narrated by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Tafsir, Tafsir of Surat al-Ma'idah, chapter: “The saying of Allah Most High: ‘Do not ask about matters which, if disclosed to you, would distress you,’” 8/280; and by Muslim in Kitab al-Fada'il, chapter: “Venerating him, peace and blessings be upon him, and refraining from asking him excessive questions about matters for which there is no necessity,” no. 2359, 4/1823; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14/368-369.

﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَخْرَجْنَا بِهِ ثَمَرَاتٍ مُخْتَلِفًا أَلْوَانُهَا وَمِنَ الْجِبَالِ جُدَدٌ بِيضٌ وَحُمْرٌ مُخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوَانُهَا وَغَرَابِيبُ سُودٌ (٢٧) وَمِنَ النَّاسِ وَالدَّوَابِّ وَالْأَنْعَامِ مُخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوَانُهُ كَذَلِكَ إِنَّمَا يَخْشَى اللَّهَ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ الْعُلَمَاءُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَزِيزٌ غَفُورٌ (٢٨) ﴾ ﴿أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَخْرَجْنَا بِهِ ثَمَرَاتٍ مُخْتَلِفًا أَلْوَانُهَا وَمِنَ الْجِبَالِ جُدَدٌ﴾ طُرُقٌ وَخُطَطٌ، وَاحِدَتُهَا جُدَّةٌ، مِثْلَ: مُدَّةٍ وَمُدَدٍ، ﴿بِيضٌ وَحُمْرٌ مُخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوَانُهَا وَغَرَابِيبُ سُودٌ﴾ يَعْنِي: سُودٌ غَرَابِيبُ عَلَى التَّقْدِيمِ وَالتَّأْخِيرِ، يُقَالُ: أَسْوَدُ غِرْبِيبٌ، أَيْ: شَدِيدُ السَّوَادِ تَشْبِيهًا بِلَوْنِ الْغُرَابِ، أَيْ: طَرَائِقُ سُودٌ. ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ وَالدَّوَابِّ وَالْأَنْعَامِ مُخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوَانُهُ﴾ ذَكَرَ الْكِنَايَةَ لِأَجْلِ "مِنْ" وَقِيلَ: رَدَّ الْكِنَايَةَ إِلَى مَا فِي الْإِضْمَارِ، مَجَازُهُ: وَمِنَ النَّاسِ وَالدَّوَابِّ وَالْأَنْعَامِ مَا هُوَ مُخْتَلِفُ أَلْوَانُهُ، ﴿كَذَلِكَ﴾ يَعْنِي كَمَا اخْتَلَفَ أَلْوَانُ الثِّمَارِ وَالْجِبَالِ، وَتَمَّ الْكَلَامُ هَاهُنَا ثُمَّ ابْتَدَأَ فَقَالَ: ﴿إِنَّمَا يَخْشَى اللَّهَ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ الْعُلَمَاءُ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: يُرِيدُ إِنَّمَا يَخَافُنِي مِنْ خَلْقِي مَنْ عَلِمَ جَبَرُوتِي وَعِزَّتِي وَسُلْطَانِي. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عُمَرُ بْنُ حَفْصٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا الْأَعْمَشُ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمٌ، عن مسروق ٩١/أعَنْ عَائِشَةَ ﵂: صَنَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ شَيْئًا فَرَخَّصَ فِيهِ، فَتَنَزَّهَ عَنْهُ قَوْمٌ، فَبَلَغَ ذَلِكَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَخَطَبَ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ ثُمَّ قَالَ: "مَا بَالُ أَقْوَامٍ يَتَنَزَّهُونَ عَنِ الشَّيْءِ أَصْنَعُهُ فَوَاللَّهِ إِنِّي لَأَعْلَمُهُمْ بِاللَّهِ وَأَشَدُّهُمْ لَهُ خَشْيَةً". (١) وَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "لَوْ تَعْلَمُونَ مَا أَعْلَمُ لَضَحِكْتُمْ قَلِيلًا وَلَبَكَيْتُمْ كَثِيرًا". (٢) وَقَالَ مَسْرُوقٌ: كَفَى بِخَشْيَةِ اللَّهِ عِلْمًا وَكَفَى بِالِاغْتِرَارِ بِاللَّهِ جَهْلًا. وَقَالَ رَجُلٌ لِلشَّعْبِيِّ: أَفْتِنِي أَيُّهَا الْعَالِمُ، فَقَالَ الشَّعْبِيُّ: إِنَّمَا الْعَالِمُ مَنْ خَشِيَ اللَّهَ ﷿.

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الاعتصام، باب: ما يكره من التعمق والتنازع والغلو في الدين والبدع: ١٣ / ٢٧٦، ومسلم في الفضائل، باب: علمه ﷺ بالله تعالى وشدة خشيته برقم: (٢٣٥٦) ٤ / ١٨٢٩، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١ / ١٩٩-٢٠٠. (٢) قطعة من حديث أخرجه البخاري في التفسير- تفسير سورة المائدة- باب: قول الله تعالى: (لا تسألوا عن أشياء إن تبد لكم تسؤكم) ٨ / ٢٨٠، ومسلم في الفضائل، باب: توقيره ﷺ وترك إكثار سؤاله عما لا ضرورة له برقم: (٢٣٥٩) ٤ / ١٨٢٣ والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٣٦٨-٣٦٩.