Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/417)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

to both of them, because in the briny sea there are fresh springs that mingle with the salt water, and pearls are formed from between them. “And you see the ships ploughing through it,” sailing to and fro with a single wind, “so that you may seek of His bounty,” through trade, “and perhaps give thanks” to Allah for His blessings.

“He causes the night to enter into the day and causes the day to enter into the night, and He has subjected the sun and the moon, each running its course for an appointed term. That is Allah, your Lord; to Him belongs all sovereignty. But those whom you call upon besides Him possess not even the membrane of a date stone. (13) If you call upon them, they do not hear your call; and if they were to hear, they could not answer you. On the Day of Resurrection, they will disown your associating them with Allah. And none can inform you as One who is All-Aware. (14) O mankind, you are those in need of Allah, whereas Allah alone is Free of need, the Praiseworthy. (15) If He wills, He can do away with you and bring forth a new creation. (16) And that is not difficult for Allah. (17) No bearer of burdens shall bear the burden of another. If a heavily burdened soul calls another to bear its burden, none of it will be borne, even if he be a close relative. You can only warn those who fear their Lord though they do not see Him and establish the prayer. Whoever purifies himself does so only for his own benefit. And to Allah is the final return. (18)”

“Those whom you call upon besides Him” means the idols. “They possess not even the membrane of a date stone”: this is the thin skin surrounding a date stone. “If you call upon them” means: if you call upon the idols, “they do not hear your call; and if they were to hear, they could not answer you,” that is, they would not answer you. “On the Day of Resurrection, they will disown your associating them with Allah”: they will disavow you and your worship of them, saying, “You were not worshipping us.”

“And none can inform you as One who is All-Aware” means Himself; that is, none can inform you as He can, for He is fully aware and knows all things. “O mankind, you are those in need of Allah,” that is, in need of Allah’s bounty; and the poor person is the one in need. “Whereas Allah alone is Free of need, the Praiseworthy”: He is free of need of His creation and praiseworthy in His beneficence toward them. “If He wills, He can do away with you and bring forth a new creation. And that is not difficult for Allah,” that is, burdensome.

“No bearer of burdens shall bear the burden of another. If a heavily burdened soul calls another”—that is, a soul weighed down by its sins calls upon someone else—“to bear its burden,” meaning the burden of sins upon it, “none of it will be borne, even if he be a close relative,” that is, even if the one called upon is a relative, such as his son, father, mother, or brother. Ibn ‘Abbas said: “A father or mother will encounter their child and say, ‘My dear child, bear some of my sins for me.’ He will reply, ‘I cannot; that which I myself bear is enough for me.’”

إِلَيْهِمَا، لِأَنَّهُ يَكُونُ فِي الْبَحْرِ الْأُجَاجِ عُيُونٌ عَذْبَةٌ تَمْتَزِجُ بِالْمِلْحِ فَيَكُونُ اللُّؤْلُؤُ مِنْ بَيْنِ ذَلِكَ، ﴿وَتَرَى الْفُلْكَ فِيهِ مَوَاخِرَ﴾ جَوَارِي مُقْبِلَةً وَمُدْبِرَةً بِرِيحٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، ﴿لِتَبْتَغُوا مِنْ فَضْلِهِ﴾ بِالتِّجَارَةِ، ﴿وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ﴾ اللَّهَ عَلَى نِعَمِهِ. ﴿يُولِجُ اللَّيْلَ فِي النَّهَارِ وَيُولِجُ النَّهَارَ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ يَجْرِي لِأَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ذَلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَالَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِهِ مَا يَمْلِكُونَ مِنْ قِطْمِيرٍ (١٣) إِنْ تَدْعُوهُمْ لَا يَسْمَعُوا دُعَاءَكُمْ وَلَوْ سَمِعُوا مَا اسْتَجَابُوا لَكُمْ وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَكْفُرُونَ بِشِرْكِكُمْ وَلَا يُنَبِّئُكَ مِثْلُ خَبِيرٍ (١٤) يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَنْتُمُ الْفُقَرَاءُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ (١٥) إِنْ يَشَأْ يُذْهِبْكُمْ وَيَأْتِ بِخَلْقٍ جَدِيدٍ (١٦) وَمَا ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ بِعَزِيزٍ (١٧) وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى وَإِنْ تَدْعُ مُثْقَلَةٌ إِلَى حِمْلِهَا لَا يُحْمَلْ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى إِنَّمَا تُنْذِرُ الَّذِينَ يَخْشَوْنَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالْغَيْبِ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَمَنْ تَزَكَّى فَإِنَّمَا يَتَزَكَّى لِنَفْسِهِ وَإِلَى اللَّهِ الْمَصِيرُ (١٨) ﴾ ﴿يُولِجُ اللَّيْلَ فِي النَّهَارِ وَيُولِجُ النَّهَارَ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَسَخَّرَ الشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ كُلٌّ يَجْرِي لِأَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى ذَلِكُمُ اللَّهُ رَبُّكُمْ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَالَّذِينَ تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِهِ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْأَصْنَامَ، ﴿مَا يَمْلِكُونَ مِنْ قِطْمِيرٍ﴾ وَهُوَ لِفَافَةُ النَّوَاةِ، وَهِيَ الْقِشْرَةُ الرَّقِيقَةُ الَّتِي تَكُونُ عَلَى النَّوَاةِ. ﴿إِنْ تَدْعُوهُمْ﴾ يَعْنِي: إِنَّ تَدْعُو الْأَصْنَامَ، ﴿لَا يَسْمَعُوا دُعَاءَكُمْ وَلَوْ سَمِعُوا مَا اسْتَجَابُوا لَكُمْ﴾ مَا أَجَابُوكُمْ، ﴿وَيَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ يَكْفُرُونَ بِشِرْكِكُمْ﴾ يَتَبَرَّؤُونَ مِنْكُمْ وَمِنْ عِبَادَتِكُمْ إِيَّاهَا، يَقُولُونَ: مَا كُنْتُمْ إِيَّانَا تَعْبُدُونَ. ﴿وَلَا يُنَبِّئُكَ مِثْلُ خَبِيرٍ﴾ يَعْنِي: نَفْسَهُ أَيْ: لَا يُنَبِّئُكَ أَحَدٌ مِثْلِي خَبِيرٌ عَالِمٌ بِالْأَشْيَاءِ. ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ أَنْتُمُ الْفُقَرَاءُ إِلَى اللَّهِ﴾ إِلَى فَضْلِ اللَّهِ وَالْفَقِيرُ الْمُحْتَاجُ، ﴿وَاللَّهُ هُوَ الْغَنِيُّ الْحَمِيدُ﴾ الْغَنِيُّ عَنْ خَلْقِهِ الْمَحْمُودُ فِي إِحْسَانِهِ إِلَيْهِمْ. ﴿إِنْ يَشَأْ يُذْهِبْكُمْ وَيَأْتِ بِخَلْقٍ جَدِيدٍ وَمَا ذَلِكَ عَلَى اللَّهِ بِعَزِيزٍ﴾ شَدِيدٍ. ﴿وَلَا تَزِرُ وَازِرَةٌ وِزْرَ أُخْرَى وَإِنْ تَدْعُ مُثْقَلَةٌ﴾ أَيْ: نَفْسٌ مُثْقَلَةٌ بِذُنُوبِهَا غَيْرَهَا، ﴿إِلَى حِمْلِهَا﴾ أَيْ: حَمْلِ مَا عَلَيْهِ مِنَ الذُّنُوبِ، ﴿لَا يُحْمَلْ مِنْهُ شَيْءٌ وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَى﴾ أَيْ: وَلَوْ كَانَ الْمَدْعُوُّ ذَا قَرَابَةٍ لَهُ ابْنَهُ أَوْ أَبَاهُ أَوْ أُمَّهُ أَوْ أَخَاهُ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: يَلْقَى الْأَبُ وَالْأُمُّ ابْنَهُ فَيَقُولُ: يَا بُنَيَّ احْمِلْ عَنِّي بَعْضَ ذُنُوبِي. فَيَقُولُ: لَا أَسْتَطِيعُ حَسْبِي مَا عَلَيَّ.