Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/403)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Na'imi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il informed us; Isma'il related to us; my father related to me, from Sulayman ibn Bilal, from Mu'awiyah ibn Abi Muzarrid, from Abu al-Habhab, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “There is no day on which the servants awaken except that two angels descend. One of them says: ‘O Allah, grant the spender a replacement,’ while the other says: ‘O Allah, grant the withholder loss.’” (1)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Abu Mansur Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Sam'an informed us; Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abd al-Jabbar al-Rayani informed us; Humayd ibn Zanjawayh informed us; Ibn Abi Uways informed us; Abd al-Aziz ibn Muhammad informed us, from al-Ala' ibn Abd al-Rahman, from his father, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Charity does not diminish wealth. Allah does not increase a servant in anything for pardoning others except honor, and no one humbles himself for Allah except that Allah raises him.” (2)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Abu Mansur al-Sam'ani informed us; Abu Ja'far al-Rayani informed us; Humayd ibn Zanjawayh informed us; Abu al-Rabi' informed us; Abd al-Hamid ibn al-Hasan al-Hilali informed us; Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir informed us, from Jabir ibn Abd Allah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Every act of kindness is charity, and whatever a man spends on himself and his family is recorded for him as charity. Whatever a man uses to protect his honor is likewise recorded for him as charity.” I said: “What does it mean that a man protects his honor?” He said: “What he gives to a poet or a sharp-tongued person in order to protect himself. Whatever expenditure a believer makes, Allah guarantees its replacement, except expenditure on construction or in disobedience to Allah, Mighty and Majestic.” (3)

His words, “I said: ‘What does it mean?’” were spoken by Abd al-Hamid to Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir.

Mujahid said: If one of you has something in his hand, let him be moderate, and let him not misinterpret this verse: “Whatever you spend of anything, He will replace it.” For provision is apportioned: perhaps a person’s provision is scant, while he spends as one whose provision has been made abundant. The meaning of the verse is that whatever replacement there is comes from Him. (4)

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Zakah, chapter: Allah's saying, “As for him who gives, fears Allah, and affirms the best reward, We shall ease him toward ease,” 3/304; by Muslim in Kitab al-Zakah, chapter: Concerning the one who spends and the one who withholds, no. 1010, 2/700; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 6/155-156. (2) Narrated by Muslim in Kitab al-Birr wa al-Silah wa al-Adab, chapter: The recommendation of pardoning and humility, no. 2588, 4/2001; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 6/133. (3) Narrated by al-Daraqutni, 3/28; Abd ibn Humayd in al-Muntakhab, no. 1083, p. 327; and authenticated by al-Hakim, 2/50. Al-Dhahabi criticized this, saying: “Abd al-Hamid ibn al-Hasan al-Hilali was deemed weak by the majority.” It was also narrated by Ibn Adi in al-Kamil, 3/1254; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 6/146. Al-Albani graded it weak in Silsilat al-Ahadith al-Da'ifah, no. 898, 2/301, but said: “The first two statements of the hadith are authentic, however, because they have many supporting reports in al-Sahihah and elsewhere.” (4) Mentioned by Ibn Kathir, 3/543.

أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ هُوَ ابْنُ بِلَالٍ، عَنْ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنِ أَبِي مُزَرِّدٍ، عن أبي الحبحاب، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَا مِنْ يَوْمٍ يُصْبِحُ الْعِبَادُ فِيهِ إِلَّا مَلَكَانِ يَنْزِلَانِ فَيَقُولُ أَحَدُهُمَا اللَّهُمَّ أَعْطِ مُنْفِقًا خَلَفًا، وَيَقُولُ الْآخَرُ اللَّهُمَّ أَعْطِ مُمْسِكًا تَلَفًا". (١) أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سَمْعَانَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْجَبَّارِ الرَّيَّانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ زَنْجَوَيْهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي أُوَيْسٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْعَزِيزِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "مَا نَقَصَتْ صَدَقَةٌ مِنْ مَالٍ، وَمَا زَادَ اللَّهُ عَبْدًا بِعَفْوٍ إِلَّا عِزًّا، وَمَا تَوَاضَعَ أَحَدٌ لِلَّهِ إِلَّا رَفَعَهُ اللَّهُ". (٢) أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ السَّمْعَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو جَعْفَرٍ الرَّيَّانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا حُمَيْدُ ابْنُ زَنْجَوَيْهِ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الرَّبِيعِ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْهِلَالِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "كُلُّ مَعْرُوفٍ صَدَقَةٌ وَكُلُّ مَا أَنْفَقَ الرَّجُلُ عَلَى نَفْسِهِ وَأَهْلِهِ كُتِبَ لَهُ صَدَقَةٌ، وَمَا وَقَى الرَّجُلُ بِهِ عِرْضَهُ كُتِبَ لَهُ بِهَا صَدَقَةٌ"، قُلْتُ: مَا يَعْنِي وَقَى الرَّجُلُ عِرْضَهُ؟ قَالَ: "مَا أَعْطَى الشَّاعِرَ وذا اللسان للمتقى، وَمَا أَنْفَقَ الْمُؤْمِنُ مِنْ نَفَقَةٍ فَعَلَى اللَّهِ خَلَفُهَا ضَامِنًا إِلَّا مَا كَانَ مِنْ نَفَقَةٍ فِي بُنْيَانٍ أَوْ فِي مَعْصِيَةِ اللَّهِ ﷿". (٣) قَوْلُهُ: "قُلْتُ مَا يَعْنِي" يَقُولُ عَبْدُ الْحَمِيدِ لِمُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ. قَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: إِذَا كَانَ فِي يَدِ أَحَدِكُمْ شَيْءٌ فَلْيَقْتَصِدْ، وَلَا يَتَأَوَّلْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: "وَمَا أَنْفَقْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَهُوَ يُخْلِفُهُ"، فَإِنَّ الرِّزْقَ مَقْسُومٌ (٤) لَعَلَّ رِزْقَهُ قَلِيلٌ، وَهُوَ يُنْفِقُ نَفَقَةَ الْمُوَسَّعِ عَلَيْهِ. وَمَعْنَى الْآيَةِ: وَمَا كان من خلف فَهُوَ مِنْهُ.

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الزكاة، باب: قول الله تعالى: "فأما من أعطى واتقى وصدق بالحسنى فسنيسره لليسرى" ٣ / ٣٠٤، ومسلم في الزكاة باب: في المنفق والممسك برقم: (١٠١٠) ٢ / ٧٠٠، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٦ / ١٥٥-١٥٦. (٢) أخرجه مسلم في البر والصلة والآداب، باب: استحباب العفو والتواضع برقم: (٢٥٨٨) ٤ / ٢٠٠١، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٦ / ١٣٣. (٣) أخرجه الدارقطني: ٣ / ٢٨، وعبد بن حميد في المنتخب برقم (١٠٨٣) ص (٣٢٧) ، وصححه الحاكم: ٢ / ٥٠ فتعقبه الذهبي بقوله: "عبد الحميد بن الحسن الهلالي ضعفه الجمهور"، وابن عدي في الكامل: ٣ / ١٢٥٤، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٦ / ١٤٦، وضعفه الألباني في سلسلة الأحاديث الضعيفة برقم (٨٩٨) : ٢ / ٣٠١، وقال: "لكن الجملتان الأوليان من الحديث صحيحتان لأن لهما شواهد كثيرة في الصحيحة وغيرها". (٤) ذكره ابن كثير: ٣ / ٥٤٣.