Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/402)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Such abundance does not indicate Allah’s pleasure with a person, nor does restriction indicate His wrath. “But most people do not know” that this is so.

“And it is not your wealth or your children that bring you nearer to Us in rank, but those who believe and do righteous deeds. For them there will be a multiplied reward for what they did, and they will be secure in lofty chambers. And those who strive against Our signs, seeking to thwart them—they will be brought into the punishment. Say, ‘Indeed, my Lord extends provision for whom He wills among His servants and restricts it for him. And whatever you spend of anything, He will replace it; and He is the best of providers.’”

“And it is not your wealth or your children that bring you nearer to Us in rank”: that is, in nearness. Al-Akhfash said: “Nearness” is a verbal noun; it is as though He said: that which brings you nearer to Us in nearness. “But those who believe”: that is, rather, those who believe “and do righteous deeds.” Ibn Abbas said: He means that a person’s faith and deeds bring him near to Me. “For them there will be a multiplied reward for what they did”: that is, Allah multiplies their good deeds for them, rewarding one good deed from tenfold up to seven hundredfold.

Yaqub recited “a reward” in the accusative and indefinite form, with “the multiplied reward” in the nominative; its sense is: those will have the multiplied reward as a recompense. The majority recited it as a genitive construction. “And they will be secure in lofty chambers.” Hamzah recited it in the singular, “in the chamber,” while the others recited it in the plural, in light of His saying: “We will surely lodge them in lofty dwellings of Paradise.” (Surah al-Ankabut 29:58)

“And those who strive”: that is, who act “against Our signs,” seeking to invalidate Our proof, “seeking to thwart them”: opposing stubbornly, thinking that they can render Us incapable and escape Us. “They will be brought into the punishment.”

“Say, ‘Indeed, my Lord extends provision for whom He wills among His servants and restricts it for him. And whatever you spend of anything, He will replace it’”: that is, He will grant its replacement. Said ibn Jubayr said: Whatever is spent without extravagance or stinginess, He will replace it.

Al-Kalbi said: Whatever charity you give and whatever expenditure you make in goodness, He will replace it for the spender—either by hastening it for him in this world or by storing it up for him in the Hereafter.

“And He is the best of providers”: the best of those who give and provide.

It has been narrated from Abu Hurayrah that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Allah Most High says: ‘Spend, and I shall spend on you.’” (1)

(1) Narrated by al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Tawhid, chapter: “They seek to alter the words of Allah,” 13/464; by Muslim, Kitab al-Zakah, chapter: Encouragement to spend and the glad tidings of recompense for the giver, no. 993, 2/690-691; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 6/154.

لَا يَدُلُّ الْبَسْطُ عَلَى رِضَا اللَّهِ عَنْهُ وَلَا التَّضْيِيقُ عَلَى سَخَطِهِ، ﴿وَلَكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ﴾ أَنَّهَا كَذَلِكَ. ﴿وَمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَلَا أَوْلَادُكُمْ بِالَّتِي تُقَرِّبُكُمْ عِنْدَنَا زُلْفَى إِلَّا مَنْ آمَنَ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا فَأُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ جَزَاءُ الضِّعْفِ بِمَا عَمِلُوا وَهُمْ فِي الْغُرُفَاتِ آمِنُونَ (٣٧) وَالَّذِينَ يَسْعَوْنَ فِي آيَاتِنَا مُعَاجِزِينَ أُولَئِكَ فِي الْعَذَابِ مُحْضَرُونَ (٣٨) قُلْ إِنَّ رَبِّي يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ وَيَقْدِرُ لَهُ وَمَا أَنْفَقْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَهُوَ يُخْلِفُهُ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ (٣٩) ﴾ ﴿وَمَا أَمْوَالُكُمْ وَلَا أَوْلَادُكُمْ بِالَّتِي تُقَرِّبُكُمْ عِنْدَنَا زُلْفَى﴾ أَيْ: قُرْبَى، قَالَ الْأَخْفَشُ: "قُرْبَى" اسْمُ مَصْدَرٍ كَأَنَّهُ قَالَ بِالَّتِي تُقَرِّبُكُمْ عِنْدَنَا تَقْرِيبًا، ﴿إِلَّا مَنْ آمَنَ﴾ يَعْنِي: لَكِنَّ مَنْ آمَنَ، ﴿وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: يُرِيدُ إِيمَانَهُ وَعَمَلَهُ يُقَرِّبُهُ مِنِّي، ﴿فَأُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ جَزَاءُ الضِّعْفِ بِمَا عَمِلُوا﴾ أَيْ: يُضَعِّفُ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ حَسَنَاتِهِمْ فَيَجْزِي بِالْحَسَنَةِ الْوَاحِدَةِ عَشَرَ إِلَى سَبْعِمِائَةٍ قَرَأَ يَعْقُوبُ: "جَزَاءً" مَنْصُوبًا مَنَّوْنَا "الضِّعْفُ" رُفِعَ، تَقْدِيرُهُ: فَأُولَئِكَ لَهُمُ الضِّعْفُ جَزَاءً، وَقَرَأَ الْعَامَّةُ بِالْإِضَافَةِ، ﴿وَهُمْ فِي الْغُرُفَاتِ آمِنُونَ﴾ قَرَأَ حَمْزَةُ: "فِي الْغُرْفَةِ" عَلَى وَاحِدِهِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِالْجَمْعِ لِقَوْلِهِ: "لَنُبَوِّأَنَّهُمْ مِنَ الْجَنَّةِ غُرَفًا" (الْعَنْكَبُوتِ-٥٨) . ﴿وَالَّذِينَ يَسْعَوْنَ﴾ يَعْمَلُونَ، ﴿فِي آيَاتِنَا﴾ فِي إِبْطَالِ حُجَّتِنَا، ﴿مُعَاجِزِينَ﴾ مُعَانِدِينَ يَحْسَبُونَ أَنَّهُمْ يُعْجِزُونَنَا وَيَفُوتُونَنَا، ﴿أُولَئِكَ فِي الْعَذَابِ مُحْضَرُونَ﴾ ﴿قُلْ إِنَّ رَبِّي يَبْسُطُ الرِّزْقَ لِمَنْ يَشَاءُ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ وَيَقْدِرُ لَهُ وَمَا أَنْفَقْتُمْ مِنْ شَيْءٍ فَهُوَ يُخْلِفُهُ﴾ أَيْ: يُعْطِي خُلْفَهُ، قَالَ سَعِيدُ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ: مَا كَانَ فِي غَيْرِ إِسْرَافٍ وَلَا تَقْتِيرٍ فَهُوَ يُخْلِفُهُ. وَقَالَ الْكَلْبِيُّ: مَا تَصَدَّقْتُمْ مِنْ صَدَقَةٍ وَأَنْفَقْتُمْ فِي الْخَيْرِ مِنْ نَفَقَةٍ فَهُوَ يُخْلِفُهُ عَلَى الْمُنْفِقِ، إِمَّا أَنْ يُعَجِّلَهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَدَّخِرَهُ لَهُ فِي الْآخِرَةِ. ﴿وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الرَّازِقِينَ﴾ خَيْرُ مَنْ يُعْطِي وَيَرْزُقُ. وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى قَالَ: أَنْفِقْ أُنْفِقْ عَلَيْكَ". (١)

(١) أخرجه البخاري في التوحيد، باب: "يريدون أن يبدلوا كلام الله" ١٣ / ٤٦٤، ومسلم في الزكاة، باب: الحث على النفقة وتبشير المنفق بالخلف برقم: (٩٩٣) ٢ / ٦٩٠-٦٩١، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٦ / ١٥٤.