Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/398)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

—along with Hamzah and al-Kisa'i—udhina (“permission was given”), pronouncing the initial hamzah with u.

Regarding His saying, “Until, when terror is removed from their hearts,” Ibn Amir and Ya'qub recited fazza'a, with both the fa and za vowelled with a, whereas the others recited fuzzi'a, with u on the fa and i on the za; that is, the terror was uncovered and removed from their hearts. Thus, tafrigh denotes the removal of fear, as in the analogous expressions tamrid and tafrid.

They differed concerning those described by this attribute. One group said that they are the angels. They then differed concerning the reason for this, some saying: They are only relieved of a swoon that overtakes them when they hear the speech of Allah, exalted is He.

It is related from Abu Hurayrah that the Prophet of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:

“When Allah decrees a matter in heaven, the angels beat their wings in submission to His word, as though it were a chain upon a smooth rock. Then, when terror is removed from their hearts, they say, ‘What has your Lord said?’ They say, ‘The truth.’ And He is the Most High, the Most Great.” (1)

Abu Sa'id al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha'labi informed us; he said: Muhammad ibn al-Fadl ibn Muhammad informed me; Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Khuzaymah informed us; Zakariyya ibn Yahya ibn Aban al-Misri informed us; Nu'aym ibn Hammad informed us; Abu al-Walid ibn Muslim informed us, from Abd al-Rahman ibn Yazid ibn Jabir, from Abu Zakariyya, from Raja' ibn Haywah, from al-Nawwas ibn Sam'an, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said:

“When Allah wishes to reveal a command, He speaks the revelation, and the heavens are seized by a violent tremor—or, he said, a violent thunderclap—out of fear of Allah Most High. When the inhabitants of the heavens hear this, they are struck unconscious and fall prostrate before Allah. Gabriel is the first to raise his head, and Allah speaks to him of His revelation whatever He wills. Gabriel then passes by the angels; whenever he passes by a heaven, its angels ask him, ‘What has our Lord said, O Gabriel?’ Gabriel replies, ‘He has spoken the truth, and He is the Most High, the Most Great.’ He said: They all then say the same as Gabriel said, and Gabriel proceeds with the revelation to wherever Allah has commanded him.” (2)

Others said that they are frightened only out of fear that the Hour may commence.

Muqatil, al-Kalbi, and al-Suddi said: The interval between Jesus and Muhammad, peace be upon them both, was five hundred and fifty years; it is also said to have been six hundred years, during which the angels heard no revelation. When Allah sent Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, with the message, and the angels heard it, they thought that it was the Hour, for Muhammad, peace and blessings be upon him, is, in the view of the inhabitants of the heavens, one of the signs of the Hour. Thus, they were struck unconscious by what they heard, out of fear that the Hour had commenced. When Gabriel descended, he began passing by the inhabitants of each heaven and relieving them of it. They then raised their heads and said to one another, ‘What has your Lord said?’ They said, ‘He has spoken the truth,’ (3) meaning the revelation; and He is the Most High, the Most Great.

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in al-Tafsir, under the commentary on Surat al-Hijr, 8:380. (2) Recorded by al-Tabari, 22:91; Ibn Khuzaymah, al-Tawhid wa Ithbat al-Sifat (Monotheism and the Affirmation of the Attributes), p. 95, al-Muniriyyah edition; al-Bayhaqi, al-Asma wa al-Sifat, 1:326; and Ibn Abi Asim, al-Sunnah, 1:227. Al-Haythami stated in al-Majma, 7:95: “Al-Tabarani narrated it from his shaykh Yahya ibn Uthman ibn Salih, who has been deemed trustworthy. Unnamed individuals criticized him, but without specifying any discrediting defect; the remainder of its narrators are reliable.” Al-Albani graded it weak in Zilal al-Jannah, 1:227. (3) See Ibn Kathir, 3:538; Zad al-Masir, 6:453.

وَحَمْزَةُ وَالْكِسَائِيُّ: ﴿أُذِنَ﴾ بِضَمِّ الْهَمْزَةِ. ﴿حَتَّى إِذَا فُزِّعَ عَنْ قُلُوبِهِمْ﴾ قَرَأَ ابْنُ عَامِرٍ، وَيَعْقُوبُ بِفَتْحِ الْفَاءِ وَالزَّايِ، وَقَرَأَ الْآخَرُونَ بِضَمِّ الْفَاءِ وَكَسْرِ الزَّايِ أَيْ: كُشِفَ الْفَزَعُ وَأُخْرِجَ عَنْ قُلُوبِهِمْ، فَالتَّفْرِيغُ إِزَالَةُ الْفَزَعِ كَالتَّمْرِيضِ وَالتَّفْرِيدِ. وَاخْتَلَفُوا فِي الْمَوْصُوفِينَ بِهَذِهِ الصِّفَةِ، فَقَالَ قَوْمٌ: هُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ، ثُمَّ اخْتَلَفُوا فِي ذَلِكَ السَّبَبِ فَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنَّمَا يُفَزِّعُ عَنْ قُلُوبِهِمْ مِنْ غَشْيَةٍ تُصِيبُهُمْ عِنْدَ سَمَاعِ كَلَامِ اللَّهِ ﷿. وَرُوِّينَا عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ ﷺ قَالَ: "إِذَا قَضَى اللَّهُ الْأَمْرَ فِي السَّمَاءِ ضَرَبَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ بِأَجْنِحَتِهَا خُضْعَانًا لِقَوْلِهِ كَأَنَّهُ سِلْسِلَةٌ عَلَى صَفْوَانٍ فَإِذَا فُزِّعَ عَنْ قُلُوبِهِمْ ﴿قَالُوا مَاذَا قَالَ رَبُّكُمْ قَالُوا الْحَقَّ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْكَبِيرُ﴾ (١) أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، قَالَ: أَنْبَأَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا زَكَرِيَّا بْنُ يَحْيَى بْنِ أَبَانَ الْمِصْرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا نُعَيْمُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ بْنِ جَابِرٍ، عَنْ أَبِي زَكَرِيَّا، عَنْ رَجَاءِ بْنِ حَيْوَةَ، عَنِ النَّوَّاسِ بْنِ سَمْعَانَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "إِذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ أَنْ يُوحِيَ بِالْأَمْرِ تَكَلَّمَ بالوحي أخذت السموات مِنْهُ رَجْفَةٌ أَوْ قَالَ: رِعْدَةٌ شَدِيدَةٌ خَوْفًا مِنَ اللَّهِ تَعَالَى، فَإِذَا سَمِعَ بذلك أهل السموات صُعِقُوا وَخَرُّوا لِلَّهِ سُجَّدًا، فَيَكُونُ أَوَّلَ مَنْ يَرْفَعُ رَأْسَهُ جِبْرِيلُ، فَيُكَلِّمُهُ اللَّهُ مِنْ وَحْيِهِ بِمَا أَرَادَ، ثُمَّ يَمُرُّ جِبْرِيلُ عَلَى الْمَلَائِكَةِ كُلَّمَا مَرَّ بِسَمَاءٍ سَأَلَهُ مَلَائِكَتُهَا مَاذَا قَالَ رَبُّنَا يَا جِبْرِيلُ؟ فَيَقُولُ جِبْرِيلُ: قَالَ الْحَقَّ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْكَبِيرُ، قَالَ فَيَقُولُونَ كُلُّهُمْ مِثْلَ مَا قَالَ جِبْرِيلُ، فَيَنْتَهِي جِبْرِيلُ بِالْوَحْيِ حَيْثُ أَمَرَهُ اللَّهُ". (٢) وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ إِنَّمَا يَفْزَعُونَ حَذَرًا مِنْ قِيَامِ السَّاعَةِ. قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ وَالْكَلْبِيُّ وَالسُّدِّيُّ: كَانَتِ الْفَتْرَةُ بَيْنَ عِيسَى وَمُحَمَّدٍ ﵉، خَمْسَمِائَةٍ وَخَمْسِينَ سَنَةً، وَقِيلَ سِتَّمِائَةِ سَنَةٍ لَمْ تَسْمَعِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ فِيهَا وَحْيًا، فَلَمَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ بِالرِّسَالَةِ فَلَمَّا سَمِعَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ظَنُّوا أَنَّهَا السَّاعَةُ، لِأَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا ﷺ عند أهل السموات مِنْ أَشْرَاطِ السَّاعَةِ، فَصُعِقُوا مِمَّا سَمِعُوا خَوْفًا مِنْ قِيَامِ السَّاعَةِ، فَلَمَّا انْحَدَرَ جِبْرِيلُ جَعَلَ يَمُرُّ بِأَهْلِ كُلِّ سَمَاءٍ فَيَكْشِفُ عَنْهُمْ فَيَرْفَعُونَ رُؤُوسَهُمْ وَيَقُولُ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ: مَاذَا قَالَ رَبُّكُمْ؟ قَالُوا: قَالَ الْحَقَّ، (٣) يَعْنِي الْوَحْيَ، وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْكَبِيرُ.

(١) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير- تفسير سورة الحجر- ٨ / ٣٨٠. (٢) أخرجه الطبري: ٢٢ / ٩١، وابن خزيمة في "التوحيد وإثبات الصفات" ص (٩٥) ، الطبعة المنيرية، والبيهقي في الأسماء والصفات: ١ / ٣٢٦ وابن أبي عاصم في السنة: ١ / ٢٢٧، وقال الهيثمي في المجمع: ٧ / ٩٥ "رواه الطبراني عن شيخه يحيى بن عثمان ابن صالح، وقد وثق، وتكلم فيه من لم يسم بغير قادح معين، وبقية رجاله ثقات"، وضعفه الألباني في "ظلال الجنة": ١ / ٢٢٧. (٣) انظر: ابن كثير: ٣ / ٥٣٨، زاد المسير: ٦ / ٤٥٣.