Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/379)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and they saw him naked, the finest of Allah’s creation. Thus He cleared him of what they had been saying. Then the stone stopped, so Moses took his garment and put it on, and began striking the stone with his staff. By Allah, there are indeed marks upon the stone from his blows—three, four, or five.” (1) This is the meaning of His saying: “O you who believe, do not be like those who harmed Moses; then Allah cleared him of what they said, and he was honorable in the sight of Allah.”

Others said: The harm they inflicted upon him was that, when Aaron died in the wilderness, they alleged that Moses had killed him. So Allah commanded the angels, and they carried him past the Children of Israel, whereupon they came to know that he had not killed him. Thus Allah cleared him of what they had said. (2)

Abu al-Aliyah said: It was that Korah hired a prostitute to accuse Moses publicly of having relations with her. But Allah protected her, cleared Moses of that accusation, and destroyed Korah. (3)

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Malihi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Na'imi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il informed us; Abu al-Walid informed us; Shu'bah informed us, from al-A'mash, who said: I heard Abu Wa'il say: I heard Abd Allah say: The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, distributed something, and a man said, “This is a distribution by which Allah’s pleasure was not sought.” I came to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and informed him. He became angry, until I could see anger in his face. Then he said: “May Allah have mercy on Moses. He was harmed with more than this, yet he remained patient.” (4)

“O you who believe, fear Allah and speak words of appropriate justice. (70) He will amend for you your deeds and forgive you your sins. And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger has certainly attained a great success. (71)”

Allah, exalted is He, says: “O you who believe, fear Allah and speak words of appropriate justice.” Ibn Abbas said: Correct words. Qatadah said: Just words. Al-Hasan said: Truthful words. It was also said: Upright words. Ikrimah said: It is the declaration, “There is no god worthy of worship except Allah.”

“He will amend for you your deeds.” Ibn Abbas said: He will accept your good deeds. Muqatil said: He will purify your deeds. “And forgive you your sins. And whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger has certainly attained a great success”—that is, he has gained every good.

(1) Reported by al-Bukhari in *al-Anbiya* (The Prophets), 6:436. (2) See al-Tabari, 22:52; *al-Durr al-Manthur*, 6:666. Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar states in *Fath al-Bari*, 8:538: “Ahmad ibn Mani reported in his *Musnad*, as did al-Tabari and Ibn Abi Hatim, through a strong chain from Ibn Abbas, from Ali, who said: ‘Musa and Harun ascended the mountain, and Harun died. The Children of Israel said to Musa: “You killed him; he was gentler toward us and more loving than you.” They thus harmed him with this accusation. Allah then commanded the angels, who carried Harun and passed with him over the gatherings of the Children of Israel, so that they came to know of his death.’” (3) See *al-Durr al-Manthur*, 6:441-442; *Zad al-Masir*, 6:426. (4) Reported by al-Bukhari in *al-Adab* (Manners), chapter: “Patience in the Face of Harm,” 10:511; and by Muslim in *al-Zakah* (Almsgiving), chapter: “Giving Those Whose Hearts Are to Be Reconciled to Islam,” no. 1062, 2:739; and by the author of *Sharh al-Sunnah*, 13:239.

فَرَأَوْهُ عُرْيَانًا أَحْسَنَ مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ، وَأَبْرَأَهُ مِمَّا يَقُولُونَ، وَقَامَ الْحَجَرُ فَأَخَذَ ثَوْبَهُ فَلَبِسَهُ وَطَفِقَ بِالْحَجَرِ ضَرْبًا بِعَصَاهُ، فَوَاللَّهِ إِنَّ بِالْحَجَرِ لَنَدْبًا مِنْ أَثَرِ ضَرْبِهِ ثَلَاثًا أَوْ أَرْبَعًا أَوْ خَمْسًا" (١) فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: "يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَكُونُوا كَالَّذِينَ آذَوْا مُوسَى فَبَرَّأَهُ اللَّهُ مِمَّا قَالُوا وَكَانَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ وَجِيهًا". وَقَالَ قَوْمٌ: إِيذَاؤُهُمْ إِيَّاهُ أَنَّهُ لَمَّا مَاتَ هَارُونُ فِي التِّيهِ ادَّعَوْا عَلَى مُوسَى أَنَّهُ قَتَلَهُ، فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ الْمَلَائِكَةَ حَتَّى مَرُّوا بِهِ عَلَى بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ فَعَرَفُوا أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَقْتُلْهُ، فَبَرَّأَهُ اللَّهُ مِمَّا قَالُوا (٢) . وَقَالَ أَبُو الْعَالِيَةِ: هُوَ أَنَّ قَارُونَ اسْتَأْجَرَ مُومِسَةً لِتَقْذِفَ مُوسَى بِنَفْسِهَا عَلَى رَأْسِ الْمَلَإِ فَعَصَمَهَا اللَّهُ وَبَرَّأَ مُوسَى مِنْ ذَلِكَ، وَأَهْلَكَ قَارُونَ (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ احْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْوَلِيدِ، أَخْبَرَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ أَبَا وَائِلٍ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ قَالَ: قَسَمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ قَسْمًا، فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ: إِنَّ هَذِهِ لِقِسْمَةٌ مَا أُرِيدَ بِهَا وَجْهُ اللَّهِ، فَأَتَيْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ، فَغَضِبَ حَتَّى رَأَيْتُ الْغَضَبَ فِي وَجْهِهِ، ثُمَّ قَالَ: "يَرْحَمُ اللَّهُ مُوسَى لَقَدْ أُوذِيَ بِأَكْثَرَ مِنْ هَذَا فَصَبَرَ" (٤) ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا (٧٠) يُصْلِحْ لَكُمْ أَعْمَالَكُمْ وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبَكُمْ وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ فَازَ فَوْزًا عَظِيمًا (٧١) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَقُولُوا قَوْلًا سَدِيدًا﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: صَوَابًا. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: عَدْلَا. وَقَالَ الْحَسَنُ: صِدْقًا. وَقِيلَ: مُسْتَقِيمًا. وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ هُوَ: قَوْلُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ. ﴿يُصْلِحْ لَكُمْ أَعْمَالَكُمْ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: يَتَقَبَّلُ حَسَنَاتِكُمْ. وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: يُزَكِّ أَعْمَالَكُمْ، ﴿وَيَغْفِرْ لَكُمْ ذُنُوبَكُمْ وَمَنْ يُطِعِ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ فَقَدْ فَازَ فَوْزًا عَظِيمًا﴾ أَيْ: ظَفِرَ بِالْخَيْرِ كُلِّهِ.

(١) أخرجه البخاري في الأنبياء: ٦ / ٤٣٦. (٢) انظر الطبري: ٢٢ / ٥٢، الدر المنثور: ٦ / ٦٦٦ قال الحافظ ابن حجر في الفتح ٨ / ٥٣٨: "وقد روى أحمد بن منيع في مسنده" والطبري وابن أبي حلتم بإسناد قوي عن ابن عباس عن علي قال: "صعد موسى وهارون الجبل فمات هارون، فقال بنو إسرائيل لموسى: أنت قتلته، كان ألين لنا منك وأشد حبا فآذوه بذلك، فأمر الله الملائكة فحملته فمرت به على مجالس بني إسرائيل فعلموا بموته". (٣) انظر: الدر المنثور: ٦ / ٤٤١-٤٤٢، زاد المسير: ٦ / ٤٢٦. (٤) أخرجه البخاري في الأدب، باب: الصبر على الأذى: ١٠ / ٥١١، ومسلم في الزكاة، باب: إعطاء المؤلفة قلوبهم على الإسلام برقم: (١٠٦٢) ٢ / ٧٣٩، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٣ / ٢٣٩.