Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/375)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“Indeed, those who abuse Allah and His Messenger—Allah has cursed them in this world and the Hereafter and has prepared for them a humiliating punishment.” (57)

His saying, exalted is He: “Indeed, those who abuse Allah and His Messenger—Allah has cursed them in this world and the Hereafter and has prepared for them a humiliating punishment.” Ibn Abbas said: They are the Jews, the Christians, and the polytheists. The Jews said, “Ezra is the son of Allah,” and, “Allah’s hand is chained.” They also said, “Allah is poor.” The Christians said, “The Messiah is the son of Allah,” and that He is the third of three. The polytheists said, “The angels are the daughters of Allah, and the idols are His partners.”

It has been related to us that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “Allah says: ‘My servant has reviled Me by saying that Allah has taken a child, whereas I am the One, the Eternal Refuge, who neither begets nor is born, and there is none comparable to Him.’” (1)

It has also been related to us from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, that Allah Most High said: “The son of Adam harms Me: he curses Time, while I am Time. In My hand is all command; I alternate the night and the day.” (2)

It was also said that the meaning of “they abuse Allah” is that they deviate concerning His names and attributes.

Ikrimah said: They are those who make images.

Abd al-Wahid al-Malihi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abd Allah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail informed us; Muhammad ibn al-Ala' informed us; Ibn Fudayl informed us, from Umarah, from Abu Zur'ah, who heard Abu Hurayrah say: I heard the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, say: “Allah Most High said: ‘Who is more unjust than one who sets out to create like My creation? Let them create a speck, or let them create a grain, or let them create a barleycorn.’” (3)

Some of them said that “they abuse Allah” means that they abuse Allah’s devoted servants, just as Allah Most High says, “Ask the town” (Joseph 12:82), meaning, the people of the town.

It has been related to us from the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, that Allah Most High said: “Whoever shows enmity to a devoted servant of Mine, I have declared war against him.” And He said: “Whoever humiliates a devoted servant of Mine has openly challenged Me to battle.” (4)

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in the commentary on Surat al-Ikhlas, 8:739, from Abu Hurayrah, who reported that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: Allah the Exalted said: “The son of Adam denied Me, though he had no right to do so; and he reviled Me, though he had no right to do so. His denial of Me is his saying, ‘He will not restore me as He created me initially,’ and... His reviling Me is his saying, ‘Allah has taken a son.’ Yet I am al-Ahad (the One), al-Samad (the Self-Sufficient), Who neither begets nor was begotten, and none is comparable to Me.” (2) Recorded by al-Bukhari in the commentary on Surat al-Jathiyah, 8:574; and Muslim in the Book of Expressions, chapter: “The prohibition of reviling Time,” no. 2246, 4:1762. (3) Recorded by al-Bukhari in the Book of Tawhid, chapter: “The saying of Allah the Exalted: ‘Allah created you and what you do,’” 13:528; Muslim in the Book of Dress and Adornment, chapter: “The prohibition of making images of living creatures,” no. 2111, 3:1671; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 12:129. (4) Recorded by al-Bukhari in the Book of Heart-Softening Narrations, chapter: “Humility,” 11:340-341.

﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمْ عَذَابًا مُهِينًا (٥٧) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يُؤْذُونَ اللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ، لَعَنَهُمُ اللَّهُ فِي الدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمْ عَذَابًا مُهِينًا﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: هُمُ الْيَهُودُ وَالنَّصَارَى وَالْمُشْرِكُونَ. فَأَمَّا اليهود فقالوا عزيرا ابْنُ اللَّهِ، وَيَدُ اللَّهِ مَغْلُولَةٌ، وَقَالُوا: إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ، وَأَمَّا النَّصَارَى فَقَالُوا: الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ اللَّهِ، وَثَالِثُ وثلاثة، وَأَمَّا الْمُشْرِكُونَ فَقَالُوا: الْمَلَائِكَةُ بَنَاتُ اللَّهِ، وَالْأَصْنَامُ شُرَكَاؤُهُ. وَرُوِّينَا أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ قَالَ: "يَقُولُ اللَّهُ ﷾: شَتَمَنِي عَبْدِي، يقول: اتخذ لله وَلَدًا، وَأَنَا الْأَحَدُ الصَّمَدُ الَّذِي لَمْ أَلِدْ وَلَمْ أُولَدْ وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لِي كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ (١) . وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "يُؤْذِينِي ابْنُ آدَمَ يَسُبُّ الدَّهْرَ وَأَنَا الدَّهْرُ، بِيَدِي الْأَمْرُ أُقَلِّبُ اللَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَارَ" (٢) . وَقِيلَ: مَعْنَى "يُؤْذُونَ اللَّهَ" يُلْحِدُونَ فِي أَسْمَائِهِ وَصِفَاتِهِ. وَقَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ: هُمْ أَصْحَابُ التَّصَاوِيرِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلَاءِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ فُضَيْلٍ، عَنْ عُمَارَةَ، عَنْ أَبِي زُرْعَةَ، سَمِعَ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ: "قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى وَمَنْ أَظْلَمُ مِمَّنْ ذَهَبَ يَخْلُقُ كَخَلْقِي، فَلْيَخْلُقُوا ذَرَّةً أَوْ لِيَخْلُقُوا حَبَّةً أَوْ شَعِيرَةً" (٣) . وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: "يُؤْذُونَ اللَّهَ" أَيْ: يُؤْذُونَ أَوْلِيَاءَ اللَّهِ، كَقَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: "وَاسْئَلِ الْقَرْيَةَ" (يُوسُفَ-٨٢) ، أَيْ: أَهْلَ الْقَرْيَةِ. وَرُوِّينَا عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قَالَ: قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "مَنْ عَادَى لِي وَلْيًّا فَقَدْ آذَنْتُهُ بِالْحَرْبِ، وَقَالَ مَنْ أَهَانَ لِي وَلْيًّا فَقَدْ بَارَزَنِي بِالْمُحَارَبَةِ" (٤) .

(١) أخرجه البخاري في تفسير "قل هو الله أحد": ٨ / ٧٣٩ عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عن النبي ﷺ قال: قال الله تعالى: كذبني ابن آدم ولم يكن له ذلك، وشتمني ولم يكن له ذلك، فأما تكذيبه إياي فقوله: لن يعيدني كما بدأني، و.. وأما شتمه إياي فقوله: اتخذ الله ولدا، وأنا الأحد الصمد الذي لم ألد ولم أولد، ولم يكن لي كفوا أحد. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في تفسير سورة الجاثية: ٨ / ٥٧٤، ومسلم في الألفاظ، باب: النهي عن سب الدهر برقم: (٢٢٤٦) ٤ / ١٧٦٢. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في التوحيد، باب قول الله تعالى: (والله خلقكم وما تعلمون) ١٣ / ٥٢٨، ومسلم في اللباس والزينة، باب: تحريم تصوير صورة الحيوان برقم: (٢١١١) ٣ / ١٦٧١، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٢ / ١٢٩. (٤) أخرجه البخاري في الرقاق، باب: التواضع ١١ / ٣٤٠-٣٤١.