Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/371)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Then Allah revealed: “Take the Station of Abraham as a place of prayer.” I said, “O Messenger of Allah, both the righteous and the wicked enter upon you. Why do you not command the Mothers of the Believers to observe hijab?” Then Allah revealed the verse of hijab. He said: “I came to learn of some of the things by which his wives had caused the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, distress. So I went in to see them, one by one, and said, ‘By Allah, you must desist, or else Allah will replace you with wives better than you.’ When I came to Zaynab, she said, ‘O Umar, is there not in the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, enough to admonish his wives that you must admonish them yourself?’” He said: “I left, and Allah, exalted is He, revealed: ‘Perhaps his Lord, if he were to divorce you, would replace you with wives better than you’—to the end of the verse.” (1)

His saying, exalted is He, “It is not for you to harm the Messenger of Allah, nor to marry his wives after him, ever,” means: It is not permissible for you to harm him in any way, nor to marry his wives after him, ever. This was revealed concerning a man among the Companions of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, who said, “If the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, dies, I shall certainly marry Aishah.” (2)

Muqatil ibn Sulayman said: He was Talhah ibn Ubayd Allah. Thus Allah, exalted is He, declared to him that this was forbidden. (3) He said: “Indeed, that is an enormity in the sight of Allah”—that is, a grave sin.

Ma'mar related from al-Zuhri that al-Aliyah bint Zabyān, whom the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, had divorced, married a man and bore him children. This was before the wives of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, were prohibited in marriage to the people. (4)

“Whether you reveal anything or conceal it, Allah is ever Knowing of all things.” (54)

His saying, “Whether you reveal anything or conceal it, Allah is ever Knowing of all things,” was revealed concerning the one who harbored the intention of marrying Aishah after the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him. (5)

It was also said that a man among the Companions said, “Why are we prevented from entering upon the daughters of our paternal uncles?” Then this verse was revealed.

When the verse of hijab was revealed, the fathers, sons, and relatives said, “Are we too to speak to them from behind a partition?” So Allah revealed: (6).

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in the Book of Exegesis, chapter: “Take the Station of Abraham as a place of prayer,” 8/168; and by Muslim in the Book of the Merits of the Companions, chapter: “The Virtues of Umar,” no. 2399, 4/1865, in abridged form; and in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14/93-94. Al-Suyuti also wrote a treatise on the instances in which Umar's view concurred with revelation, published in al-Hawi lil-Fatawa, 1/377, entitled Qatf al-Thamar fi Muwafaqat Umar. See above, 1/147, notes 1 and 2. (2) Al-Wahidi mentions it in Asbab al-Nuzul, pp. 417-418, without a chain of transmission. Al-Suyuti attributes it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 6/643, to Ibn Mardawayh, on the authority of Ibn Abbas. (3) Recorded by Ibn Abi Hatim from al-Suddi as a balagh report; and by Abd al-Razzaq, Abd ibn Humayd, and Ibn al-Mundhir from Qatadah. See al-Durr al-Manthur, 6/643. (4) Recorded by al-Bayhaqi in al-Sunan, 7/73, from Yunus, from Ibn Shihab, as a balagh report. Al-Suyuti attributes it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 6/644, to Abd al-Razzaq, Abd ibn Humayd, and Ibn al-Mundhir. (5) Recorded by Ibn Jarir, 22/40. Al-Suyuti attributes it in al-Durr al-Manthur, 6/644, to al-Bayhaqi and Ibn Sad. (6) See al-Tabari, 22/41-42.

فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: "وَاتَّخِذُوا مِنْ مَقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ مُصَلًّى"، وَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ يَدْخُلُ عَلَيْكَ الْبَرُّ وَالْفَاجِرُ فَلَوْ أَمَرْتَ أُمَّهَاتِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِالْحِجَابِ؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ آيَةَ الْحِجَابِ، قَالَ: وَبَلَغَنِي بَعْضُ مَا آذَى بِهِ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ نِسَاؤُهُ، قَالَ: فَدَخَلْتُ عَلَيْهِنَّ اسْتَقْرِبُهُنَّ وَاحِدَةً وَاحِدَةً، قُلْتُ: وَاللَّهِ لَتَنْتَهُنَّ أَوْ لَيُبْدِلَنَّهُ اللَّهُ أَزْوَاجًا خَيْرًا مِنْكُنَّ، حَتَّى أَتَيْتُ عَلَى زَيْنَبَ فَقَالَتْ: يَا عُمَرُ مَا كَانَ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَا يَعِظُ نِسَاءَهُ حَتَّى تَعِظَهُنَّ أَنْتَ، قَالَ: فَخَرَجْتُ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ ﷿: "عَسَى رَبُّهُ إِنْ طَلَّقَكُنَّ أَنْ يُبْدِلَهُ أَزْوَاجًا خَيْرًا مِنْكُنَّ" (التَّحْرِيمِ-٥) ، إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ (١) . قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَمَا كَانَ لَكُمْ أَنْ تُؤْذُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ﴾ لَيْسَ لَكُمْ أَذَاهُ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنَ الْأَشْيَاءِ، ﴿وَلَا أَنْ تَنْكِحُوا أَزْوَاجَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ أَبَدًا﴾ نَزَلَتْ فِي رَجُلٍ مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، قَالَ: لَئِنْ قُبِضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَأَنْكِحَنَّ عَائِشَةَ (٢) . قَالَ مُقَاتِلُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ: هُوَ طَلْحَةُ بْنُ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، فَأَخْبَرَهُ اللَّهُ ﷿ أَنَّ ذَلِكَ مُحَرَّمٌ (٣) وَقَالَ: ﴿إِنَّ ذَلِكُمْ كَانَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَظِيمًا﴾ أَيْ: ذَنْبًا عَظِيمًا. وَرَوَى مَعْمَرٌ عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ، أَنَّ الْعَالِيَةَ بِنْتَ ظَبْيَانَ الَّتِي طَلَّقَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ تَزَوَّجَتْ رَجُلًا وَوَلَدَتْ لَهُ، وَذَلِكَ قَبْلَ تَحْرِيمِ أَزْوَاجِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ عَلَى النَّاسِ (٤) . ﴿إِنْ تُبْدُوا شَيْئًا أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمًا (٥٤) ﴾ ﴿إِنْ تُبْدُوا شَيْئًا أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُلِّ شَيْءٍ عَلِيمًا﴾ نَزَلَتْ فِيمَنْ أَضْمَرَ نِكَاحَ عَائِشَةَ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ (٥) . وَقِيلَ: قَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الصَّحَابَةِ: مَا بَالُنَا نُمْنَعُ مِنَ الدُّخُولِ عَلَى بَنَاتِ أَعْمَامِنَا؟ فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ. وَلَمَّا نَزَلَتْ آيَةُ الْحِجَابِ قَالَ الْآبَاءُ وَالْأَبْنَاءُ وَالْأَقَارِبُ: وَنَحْنُ أَيْضًا نُكَلِّمُهُنَّ مِنْ وَرَاءِ الْحِجَابِ؟ فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: (٦) .

(١) أخرجه البخاري في التفسير، باب: واتخذوا من مقام إبراهيم مصلى ٨ / ١٦٨، ومسلم في فضائل الصحابة، باب: فضائل عمر برقم: (٢٣٩٩) ٤ / ١٨٦٥ مختصرا، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٩٣-٩٤، وللسيوطي رسالة في موافقات عمر، منشورة في الحاوي للفتاوى: ١ / ٣٧٧ بعنوان (قطف الثمر في موافقات عمر) وانظر فيما سبق: ١ / ١٤٧ تعليق:١،٢. (٢) ذكره الواحدي في أسباب النزول ص ٤١٧-٤١٨ بدون إسناد، وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٦ / ٦٤٣ لابن مردويه عن ابن عباس. (٣) أخرجه ابن أبي حاتم عن السدي بلاغا، وعبد الرزاق وعبد بن حميد وابن المنذر عن قتادة، انظر الدر المنثور: ٦ / ٦٤٣. (٤) أخرجه البيهقي في السنن: ٧ / ٧٣ عن يونس عن ابن شهاب بلاغا، وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٦ / ٦٤٤ لعبد الرزاق وعبد بن حميد وابن المنذر. (٥) أخرجه ابن جرير: ٢٢ / ٤٠، وعزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٦ / ٦٤٤ للبيهقي وابن سعد. (٦) انظر: الطبري: ٢٢ / ٤١-٤٢.