Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/369)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“O you who believe, do not enter the houses of the Prophet unless you are given permission for a meal, without awaiting its readiness. But when you are invited, enter; and when you have eaten, disperse, without lingering for conversation. Indeed, that used to trouble the Prophet, yet he was too shy before you; but Allah is not shy of the truth. And when you ask his wives for something, ask them from behind a partition. That is purer for your hearts and for their hearts. Nor is it for you to trouble the Messenger of Allah or ever to marry his wives after him. Indeed, that is grave in the sight of Allah.” (53)

Regarding His words, exalted is He: “O you who believe, do not enter the houses of the Prophet unless you are given permission,” to the end of the verse. Most commentators said: This verse was revealed concerning the wedding feast of Zaynab bint Jahsh, when the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, consummated his marriage with her.

Abd al-Wahid al-Malihi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nu'aymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Isma'il informed us; Yahya ibn Bukayr informed us; al-Layth informed us, from Uqayl, from Ibn Shihab, who said: Anas ibn Malik informed me that he was ten years old when the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, arrived in Madinah. He said: Umm Hani used to keep me occupied in the service of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and I served him for ten years. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, died when I was twenty years old. Thus, I was among the people most knowledgeable about the matter of hijab when it was revealed. The first revelation concerning it came at the time of the Messenger of Allah’s wedding to Zaynab bint Jahsh. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, awoke as a bridegroom with her and invited some people. They ate the food and then left, but a group of them remained with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and stayed for a long time. The Prophet rose and went out, and I went out with him, hoping that they would leave. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, walked, and I walked with him until he came to Aishah’s chamber. Then, thinking that they had left, he returned, and I returned with him. When he entered upon Zaynab, however, they were still sitting there and had not left. So the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, turned back, and I turned back with him. When he reached the threshold of Aishah’s chamber and thought that they had left, he returned, and I returned with him, only to find that they had indeed left. The Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, then placed a curtain between himself and me, and the command of hijab was revealed. (1)

Abu Uthman—whose name was al-Ja'd—reported from Anas, who said: He—that is, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him—entered the house and let down the curtain, while I was still in the chamber. He was reciting: “O you who believe, do not enter the houses of the Prophet unless you are given permission,” up to His words: “but Allah is not shy of the truth.” (2)

(1) Recorded by al-Bukhari in the Book of Marriage, chapter: “The wedding feast is a duty,” 9/230; and in the Book of Seeking Permission, chapter: “The Verse of Hijab,” 11/22; as well as elsewhere. (2) Recorded by al-Bukhari in the Book of Marriage, chapter: “A gift for the bride,” 9/226-227.

﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتَ النَّبِيِّ إِلَّا أَنْ يُؤْذَنَ لَكُمْ إِلَى طَعَامٍ غَيْرَ نَاظِرِينَ إِنَاهُ وَلَكِنْ إِذَا دُعِيتُمْ فَادْخُلُوا فَإِذَا طَعِمْتُمْ فَانْتَشِرُوا وَلَا مُسْتَأْنِسِينَ لِحَدِيثٍ إِنَّ ذَلِكُمْ كَانَ يُؤْذِي النَّبِيَّ فَيَسْتَحْيِي مِنْكُمْ وَاللَّهُ لَا يَسْتَحْيِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ وَإِذَا سَأَلْتُمُوهُنَّ مَتَاعًا فَاسْأَلُوهُنَّ مِنْ وَرَاءِ حِجَابٍ ذَلِكُمْ أَطْهَرُ لِقُلُوبِكُمْ وَقُلُوبِهِنَّ وَمَا كَانَ لَكُمْ أَنْ تُؤْذُوا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ وَلَا أَنْ تَنْكِحُوا أَزْوَاجَهُ مِنْ بَعْدِهِ أَبَدًا إِنَّ ذَلِكُمْ كَانَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَظِيمًا (٥٣) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتَ النَّبِيِّ إِلَّا أَنْ يُؤْذَنَ لَكُمْ﴾ الْآيَةَ. قَالَ أَكْثَرُ الْمُفَسِّرِينَ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي شَأْنِ وَلِيمَةِ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ حِينَ بَنَى بِهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا اللَّيْثُ عَنْ عُقَيْلٍ، عَنْ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، أَخْبَرَنِي أَنَسُ ابْنُ مَالِكٍ أَنَّهُ كَانَ ابْنُ عَشْرِ سِنِينَ مَقْدِمَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمَدِينَةَ، قَالَ: وَكَانَتْ أُمُّ هَانِئٍ تُوَاظِبُنِي عَلَى خِدْمَةِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ، فَخَدَمْتُهُ عَشْرَ سِنِينَ، وَتُوُفِّيَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَأَنَا ابْنُ عِشْرِينَ سَنَةً، فَكُنْتُ أَعْلَمَ النَّاسِ بِشَأْنِ الْحِجَابِ حِينَ أُنْزِلَ، فَكَانَ أَوَّلَ مَا أُنْزِلَ فِي مُبْتَنَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِزَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ، أَصْبَحَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بِهَا عَرُوسًا فَدَعَا الْقَوْمَ فَأَصَابُوا مِنَ الطَّعَامِ ثُمَّ خَرَجُوا، وَبَقِيَ رَهْطٌ مِنْهُمْ عِنْدَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَأَطَالُوا الْمُكْثَ، فَقَامَ النَّبِيُّ لِلَّهِ فَخَرَجَ وَخَرَجْتُ مَعَهُ لِكَيْ يَخْرُجُوا، فَمَشَى النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَمَشَيْتُ حَتَّى جَاءَ حُجْرَةَ عَائِشَةَ، ثُمَّ ظَنَّ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ خَرَجُوا فَرَجَعَ وَرَجَعْتُ مَعَهُ، حَتَّى إِذَا دَخَلَ عَلَى زَيْنَبَ فَإِذَا هُمْ جُلُوسٌ لَمْ يَخْرُجُوا، فَرَجَعَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ، وَرَجَعْتُ مَعَهُ حَتَّى إِذَا بَلَغَ عَتَبَةَ حُجْرَةِ عَائِشَةَ وَظَنَّ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ خَرَجُوا فَرَجَعَ وَرَجَعْتُ مَعَهُ فَإِذَا هُمْ قَدْ خَرَجُوا، فَضَرَبَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَهُ السِّتْرَ، وَأُنْزِلَ الْحِجَابُ (١) . وَقَالَ أَبُو عُثْمَانَ -وَاسْمُهُ الْجَعْدُ-عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: فَدَخَلَ يَعْنِي رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْبَيْتَ وَأَرْخَى السِّتْرَ وَإِنِّي لَفِي الْحُجْرَةِ، وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا لَا تَدْخُلُوا بُيُوتَ النَّبِيِّ إِلَّا أَنْ يُؤْذَنَ لَكُمْ﴾ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَاللَّهُ لَا يَسْتَحْيِي مِنَ الْحَقِّ﴾ (٢) .

(١) أخرجه البخاري في النكاح، باب الوليمة حق: ٩ / ٢٣٠، وفي الاسئذان باب آية الحجاب: ١١ / ٢٢ وفي مواضع أخرى. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في النكاح، باب الهدية للعروس: ٩ / ٢٢٦-٢٢٧.