Regarding His words, exalted is He, “even if their beauty pleases you”: this means that you were not permitted to divorce any of your wives and marry another in her place, even if her beauty pleased you.
Ibn Abbas said: This refers to Asma bint Umays al-Khath'amiyyah, the wife of Jafar ibn Abi Talib. When Jafar was martyred, the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, wished to propose marriage to her, but he was forbidden from doing so. (1)
“Except those whom your right hand possesses”: Ibn Abbas said: After these wives, he came to possess Mariyah.
“And Allah is Ever Watchful over all things”: that is, preserving and guarding.
The verse also indicates that it is permissible to look at a woman whom one intends to marry. It is narrated from Jabir that the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “When one of you proposes to a woman, if he is able to look at that which will encourage him to marry her, then let him do so.” (2)
Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Yusuf al-Juwayni informed us; Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Sharik al-Shafi'i informed us; Abdullah ibn Muhammad ibn Muslim informed us; Abu Bakr al-Jurabadhi informed us, saying: Ahmad ibn Harb informed us; Abu Muawiyah informed us, from Asim—namely, Ibn Sulayman—from Bakr ibn Abdullah, from al-Mughirah ibn Shubah, who said: I proposed to a woman, and the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to me, “Have you looked at her?” I replied, “No.” He said, “Then look at her, for that is more likely to bring about affection between the two of you.” (3)
Abu Said al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Tha'labi informed us; Abdullah ibn Hamid informed us; Hamid ibn Muhammad informed us; Bishr ibn Musa informed us; al-Humaydi informed us; Yazid ibn Kaysan informed us, from Abu Hazim, from Abu Hurayrah: A man wished to marry a woman from among the Ansar, so the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said to him, “Look at her, for there is something in the eyes of the women of the Ansar.” (4) Al-Humaydi said: He meant smallness.