Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/361)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

It is reported from al-Bara’ ibn ‘Azib that he said concerning, “Their greeting on the Day they meet Him”: that is, they meet the Angel of Death; he does not take the soul of any believer without first greeting him with peace (1).

Ibn Mas‘ud said: “When the Angel of Death comes to take the soul of a believer, he says: ‘Your Lord sends you greetings of peace’” (2).

It was also said: The angels greet them with peace and give them glad tidings when they emerge from their graves (3). “And He has prepared for them a noble reward”—that is, Paradise.

“O Prophet, indeed We have sent you as a witness, a bearer of glad tidings, and a warner (45); as one who calls to Allah, by His permission, and as an illuminating lamp (46). And give the believers glad tidings that they will receive from Allah a great bounty (47). Do not obey the disbelievers and the hypocrites; disregard their harm, and put your trust in Allah. Allah is sufficient as a Guardian (48). O you who believe, when you marry believing women and then divorce them before you have touched them, they have no waiting period for you to observe. So make provision for them and release them graciously (49).”

His saying, exalted is He, “O Prophet, indeed We have sent you as a witness, a bearer of glad tidings, and a warner,” means: a witness for the messengers that they conveyed the message; a bearer of glad tidings of Paradise to those who believe; and a warner of the Fire to those who deny Our signs. “As one who calls to Allah”: calling to His oneness and obedience to Him. “By His permission”: by His command. “And as an illuminating lamp”: He called him a lamp because people are guided by him, just as a lamp provides light in darkness. “And give the believers glad tidings that they will receive from Allah a great bounty.”

“Do not obey the disbelievers and the hypocrites”: its explanation was mentioned at the beginning of the surah. “Disregard their harm”: Ibn ‘Abbas and Qatadah said: “Bear their harm patiently.” Al-Zajjaj said: “Do not retaliate against them for it.” This was abrogated by the verse commanding fighting. 83/b

“And put your trust in Allah. Allah is sufficient as a Guardian”: that is, as a Protector. His saying, exalted is He, “O you who believe, when you marry believing women and then divorce them,” contains evidence that a divorce pronounced before marriage does not take effect, because Allah, exalted is He, made divorce consequent upon marriage. Thus, if a man says to a woman who is not his wife, “If I marry you, then you are divorced,” or says, “Every woman I marry is divorced,” and then marries, the divorce does not take effect. This is the view of

(1) Al-Hakim narrated it (2:351-352) and declared it sound. I [al-Dhahabi] say: Regarding Abd Allah, Ibn Adi said, “His hadith are obscure”; and regarding Muhammad, Ibn Hibban said, “He is not to be cited as evidence.” Al-Suyuti also attributed it in Al-Durr al-Manthur (6:623) to Ibn Abi Shaybah, Ibn Abi al-Dunya, Abd ibn Humayd, Ibn al-Mundhir, Ibn Abi Hatim, Ibn Mardawayh, and al-Bayhaqi in Al-Shuab. (2) Al-Suyuti, in Al-Durr al-Manthur (6:623), attributed it to al-Marwazi in Al-Janaiz, Ibn Abi al-Dunya, and Abu al-Shaykh. The author of Al-Bahr al-Muhit also mentioned it (7:237). (3) See: Al-Bahr al-Muhit, 7:237.

وَرُوِيَ عَنِ الْبَرَاءِ بْنِ عَازِبٍ قَالَ: "تَحِيَّتُهُمْ يَوْمَ يُلْقَوْنَهُ"، يَعْنِي: يَلْقَوْنَ مَلَكَ الْمَوْتِ، لَا يَقْبِضُ رُوحَ مُؤْمِنٍ إِلَّا يُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْهِ (١) . وَعَنِ ابْنِ مَسْعُودٍ قَالَ: إِذَا جَاءَ مَلَكُ الْمَوْتِ لِيَقْبِضَ رُوحَ الْمُؤْمِنِ قَالَ: رَبُّكَ يُقْرِئُكَ السَّلَامَ (٢) . وَقِيلَ: تُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ وَتُبَشِّرُهُمْ حِينَ يُخْرَجُونَ مِنْ قُبُورِهِمْ (٣) ﴿وَأَعَدَّ لَهُمْ أَجْرًا كَرِيمًا﴾ يَعْنِي: الْجَنَّةَ. ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ شَاهِدًا وَمُبَشِّرًا وَنَذِيرًا (٤٥) وَدَاعِيًا إِلَى اللَّهِ بِإِذْنِهِ وَسِرَاجًا مُنِيرًا (٤٦) وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِأَنَّ لَهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ فَضْلًا كَبِيرًا (٤٧) وَلَا تُطِعِ الْكَافِرِينَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ وَدَعْ أَذَاهُمْ وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ وَكِيلًا (٤٨) يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ مِنْ قَبْلِ أَنْ تَمَسُّوهُنَّ فَمَا لَكُمْ عَلَيْهِنَّ مِنْ عِدَّةٍ تَعْتَدُّونَهَا فَمَتِّعُوهُنَّ وَسَرِّحُوهُنَّ سَرَاحًا جَمِيلًا (٤٩) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ شَاهِدًا وَمُبَشِّرًا وَنَذِيرًا﴾ أَيْ: شَاهِدًا لِلرُّسُلِ بِالتَّبْلِيغِ، وَمُبَشِّرًا لِمَنْ آمَنَ بِالْجَنَّةِ، وَنَذِيرًا لِمَنْ كَذَّبَ بِآيَاتِنَا بِالنَّارِ. ﴿وَدَاعِيًا إِلَى اللَّهِ﴾ إِلَى تَوْحِيدِهِ وَطَاعَتِهِ، ﴿بِإِذْنِهِ﴾ بِأَمْرِهِ، ﴿وَسِرَاجًا مُنِيرًا﴾ سَمَّاهُ سِرَاجًا لِأَنَّهُ يُهْتَدَى بِهِ كَالسِّرَاجِ يُسْتَضَاءُ بِهِ فِي الظُّلْمَةِ. ﴿وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ بِأَنَّ لَهُمْ مِنَ اللَّهِ فَضْلًا كَبِيرًا﴾ . ﴿وَلَا تُطِعِ الْكَافِرِينَ وَالْمُنَافِقِينَ﴾ ذَكَرْنَا تَفْسِيرَهُ فِي أَوَّلِ السُّورَةِ، ﴿وَدَعْ أَذَاهُمْ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَقَتَادَةُ: اصْبِرْ عَلَى أَذَاهُمْ. وَقَالَ الزَّجَّاجُ: لَا تُجَازِهِمْ عَلَيْهِ. وَهَذَا مَنْسُوخٌ بآية القتال. ٨٣/ب ﴿وَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى اللَّهِ وَكَفَى بِاللَّهِ وَكِيلًا﴾ حَافِظًا. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا إِذَا نَكَحْتُمُ، الْمُؤْمِنَاتِ ثُمَّ طَلَّقْتُمُوهُنَّ﴾ فِيهِ دَلِيلٌ عَلَى أَنَّ الطَّلَاقَ قَبْلَ النِّكَاحِ غَيْرُ وَاقِعٍ لِأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَعَالَى رَتَّبَ الطَّلَاقَ عَلَى النِّكَاحِ، حَتَّى لَوْ قَالَ لِامْرَأَةٍ أَجْنَبِيَّةٍ: إِذَا نَكَحْتُكِ فَأَنْتِ طَالِقٌ، وَقَالَ: كُلُّ امْرَأَةٍ أَنْكِحُهَا فَهِيَ طَالِقٌ، فَنَكَحَ، لَا يَقَعُ الطَّلَاقُ. وَهُوَ قَوْلُ

(١) أخرجه الحاكم: ٢ / ٣٥١-٣٥٢ وقال: صحيح قلت (الذهبي) : عبد الله قال ابن عدي: مظلم الحديث ومحمد قال ابن حبان: لا يحتج به. وعزاه السيوطي أيضا: في الدر المنثور: ٦ / ٦٢٣ لابن أبي شيبة، وابن أبي الدنيا وعبد بن حميد وابن المنذر وابن أبي حاتم وابن مردويه والبيهقي في الشعب. (٢) عزاه السيوطي في الدر المنثور: ٦ / ٦٢٣ للمرزوي في الجنائز وابن أبي الدنيا وأبي الشيخ، وذكره صاحب البحر المحيط: ٧ / ٢٣٧. (٣) انظر: البحر المحيط: ٧ / ٢٣٧.