Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/355)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

He then went to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, “I wish to part from my wife.” He asked, “What is the matter with you? Has anything about her caused you misgiving?” He replied, “No, by Allah, O Messenger of Allah, I have seen nothing but good from her. Yet she behaves haughtily toward me because of her noble lineage and harms me with her tongue.” The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him, “Keep your wife,” meaning Zaynab bint Jahsh, “and fear Allah” regarding her. Then Zayd divorced her. (1)

This is the meaning of His words, glorified and exalted is He: “And remember when you said to the one whom Allah had favored” through Islam, “and whom you had favored” through manumission—namely, Zayd ibn Harithah 82/b—“Keep your wife and fear Allah” concerning her, and do not part from her. “And you concealed within yourself that which Allah was to disclose”; that is, you kept secret within yourself what Allah would make manifest. What was in his heart was that, if Zayd parted from her, he would marry her.

Ibn Abbas said: His love for her. Qatadah said: He wished that Zayd would divorce her.

“And you feared people.” Ibn Abbas and al-Hasan said: You felt ashamed before them.

It was also said: You feared people’s blame—that they would say, “He commanded a man to divorce his wife, then married her himself.” (2)

“But Allah has more right that you fear Him.” Umar, Ibn Masud, and Aishah said: No verse was revealed to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that was more difficult for him than this verse. (3)

It is related from Masruq that Aishah said: “Had the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, concealed anything of what was revealed to him, he would have concealed this verse: ‘And you concealed within yourself that which Allah was to disclose.’” (4)

Sufyan ibn Uyaynah narrated from Ali ibn Zayd ibn Judan, who said: Ali ibn al-Husayn Zayn al-Abidin asked me, “What does al-Hasan say concerning His words: ‘And you concealed within yourself that which Allah was to disclose, and you feared people, while Allah has more right that you fear Him’?” I replied, “He says that when Zayd came to the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said, ‘O Prophet of Allah, I wish to divorce Zaynab,’ this pleased him. Yet he said, ‘Keep your wife and fear Allah.’” Ali ibn al-Husayn said, “It was not so. Allah, exalted is He, had informed him that she would become one of his wives and that Zayd would divorce her. Thus, when Zayd came and said, ‘I wish to divorce her,’ he said to him, ‘Keep your wife.’ Allah then reproached him, saying: ‘Why did you say, “Keep your wife,” when I had informed you that she would become one of your wives?’” (5)

(1) See al-Bahr al-Muhit, 7/234. (2) See Zad al-Masir, 6/387. (3) See al-Tabari, 22/13; see also the following commentary. (4) Reported by al-Tirmidhi in Tafsir Surat al-Ahzab, 9/71-72; he said: “This hadith is hasan sahih (sound and authentic).” Also reported by al-Tabari, 22/13. See al-Bukhari, Kitab al-Tawhid, chapter: “His Throne was upon the water,” 13/404, though narrated from Anas; and Muslim, Kitab al-Iman, chapter: “The meaning of Allah’s statement: ‘Indeed, he saw him at another descent,’ and whether the Prophet saw his Lord on the Night Journey,” no. 177, 1/160. (5) See Ibn Kathir, Tafsir, 3/492.

فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ: "إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُفَارِقَ صَاحِبَتِي"، قَالَ: مَا لَكَ أَرَابَكَ مِنْهَا شَيْءٌ؟ قَالَ: لَا وَاللَّهِ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا رَأَيْتُ مِنْهَا إِلَّا خَيْرًا، وَلَكِنَّهَا تَتَعَظَّمُ عَلَيَّ لِشَرَفِهَا وَتُؤْذِينِي بِلِسَانِهَا، فَقَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ زَوْجَكَ"، يَعْنِي: زَيْنَبَ بِنْتَ جَحْشٍ، ﴿وَاتَّقِ اللَّهَ﴾ فِي أَمْرِهَا، ثُمَّ طَلَّقَهَا زَيْدٌ (١) فَذَلِكَ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَإِذْ تَقُولُ لِلَّذِي أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ﴾ بِالْإِسْلَامِ، ﴿وَأَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِ﴾ بِالْإِعْتَاقِ، وَهُوَ زَيْدُ بن حارثة ٨٢/ب ﴿أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ زَوْجَكَ وَاتَّقِ اللَّهَ﴾ فِيهَا وَلَا تُفَارِقْهَا، ﴿وَتُخْفِي فِي نَفْسِكَ مَا اللَّهُ مُبْدِيهِ﴾ أَيْ: تُسِرُّ فِي نَفْسِكَ مَا اللَّهُ مُظْهِرُهُ، أَيْ: كَانَ فِي قَلْبِهِ لَوْ فَارَقَهَا لَتَزَوَّجَهَا. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: حُبُّهَا. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: وَدَّ أَنَّهُ طَلَّقَهَا. ﴿وَتَخْشَى النَّاسَ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ وَالْحَسَنُ: تَسْتَحْيِيهِمْ. وَقِيلَ: تَخَافُ لَائِمَةَ النَّاسِ أَنْ يَقُولُوا: أَمَرَ رَجُلًا بِطَلَاقِ امْرَأَتِهِ ثُمَّ نَكَحَهَا (٢) . ﴿وَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تَخْشَاهُ﴾ قَالَ عُمَرُ، وَابْنُ مَسْعُودٍ، وَعَائِشَةُ: مَا نَزَلَتْ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ آيَةٌ هِيَ أَشَدُّ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ (٣) . وَرُوِيَ عَنْ مَسْرُوقٍ قَالَ: قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: لَوْ كَتَمَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ شَيْئًا مِمَّا أُوحِيَ إِلَيْهِ لَكَتَمَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ: "وَتُخْفِي فِي نَفْسِكَ مَا اللَّهُ مُبْدِيهِ" (٤) . وَرَوَى سُفْيَانُ بْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ جُدْعَانَ قَالَ: سَأَلَنِي عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ زَيْنُ الْعَابِدِينَ مَا يَقُولُ الْحَسَنُ فِي قَوْلِهِ: ﴿وَتُخْفِي فِي نَفْسِكَ مَا اللَّهُ مُبْدِيهِ وَتَخْشَى النَّاسَ وَاللَّهُ أَحَقُّ أَنْ تَخْشَاهُ﴾ ؟ قُلْتُ: يَقُولُ لَمَّا جَاءَ زَيْدٌ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فَقَالَ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُطَلِّقَ زَيْنَبَ فَأَعْجَبَهُ ذَلِكَ، فَقَالَ: أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ زَوْجَكَ وَاتَّقِ اللَّهَ، فَقَالَ عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ: لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ، كَانَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى قَدْ أَعْلَمَهُ أَنَّهَا سَتَكُونُ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِهِ وَأَنَّ زَيْدًا سَيُطَلِّقُهَا، فَلَمَّا جَاءَ زَيْدٌ وَقَالَ: إِنِّي أُرِيدُ أَنْ أُطْلِّقَهَا قَالَ لَهُ: أَمْسِكَ عَلَيْكَ زَوْجَكَ، فَعَاتَبَهُ اللَّهُ وَقَالَ: لِمَ قُلْتَ: أَمْسِكْ عَلَيْكَ زَوْجَكَ، وَقَدْ أَعْلَمْتُكَ أَنَّهَا سَتَكُونُ مِنْ أَزْوَاجِكَ؟ (٥)

(١) انظر: البحر المحيط: ٧ / ٢٣٤. (٢) انظر: زاد المسير: ٦ / ٣٨٧. (٣) انظر: الطبري: ٢٢ / ١٣، وراجع التعليق الآتي. (٤) أخرجه الترمذي في تفسير سورة الأحزاب: ٩ / ٧١-٧٢ وقال: (هذا حديث حسن صحيح) ، والطبري: ٢٢ / ١٣، وانظر: البخاري في التوحيد، باب: وكان عرشه على الماء: ١٣ / ٤٠٤ لكن عن أنس، مسلم في الإيمان، باب: معنى قول الله ﷿: "لقد رآه نزلة أخرى" وهل رأى النبي ﷺ ربه ليلة الإسراء؟ برقم: (١٧٧) ١ / ١٦٠. (٥) انظر ابن كثير: في التفسير ٣ / ٤٩٢.