Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/351)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Abu Sa‘id Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Humaydi informed us; Abd Allah al-Hafiz informed us; Abu al-Abbas Muhammad ibn Ya‘qub informed us; al-Hasan ibn Mukarram narrated to us; Uthman ibn Umar informed us; Abd al-Rahman ibn Abd Allah ibn Dinar narrated to us, from Sharik ibn Abi Namir, from ⦗82/A⦘ Ata ibn Yasar, from Umm Salamah, who said: It was in my house that the following was revealed: “Allah intends only to remove from you all impurity, O People of the Household.” She said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, sent for Fatimah, Ali, Hasan, and Husayn, and said, “These are the people of my household.” She said: I then asked, “O Messenger of Allah, am I not among the people of the household?” He replied, “Yes, if Allah wills.” (1)

Zayd ibn Arqam said: The people of his household are those who were forbidden to accept charity after him: the family of Ali, the family of Aqil, the family of Ja‘far, and the family of Abbas. (2)

“And remember what is recited in your homes of Allah’s verses and wisdom. Surely Allah is Most Subtle, All-Aware. (34) Surely Muslim men and Muslim women, believing men and believing women, devout men and devout women, truthful men and truthful women, patient men and patient women, humble men and humble women, charitable men and charitable women, fasting men and fasting women, men and women who guard their chastity, and men and women who remember Allah often—for them Allah has prepared forgiveness and a tremendous reward. (35)”

His words, exalted is He: “And remember what is recited in your homes of Allah’s verses”—that is, the Quran—“and wisdom”: Qatadah said that this means the sunnah, while Muqatil said: the rulings and admonitions of the Quran. “Surely Allah is Most Subtle, All-Aware”—that is, gracious to His close servants and fully aware of all His creation.

His words, exalted is He: “Surely Muslim men and Muslim women...” to the end of the verse. This was because the wives of the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, said: “O Messenger of Allah, Allah has mentioned men in the Quran but has not mentioned women favorably. We have no virtue for which we may be mentioned, and we fear that Allah will not accept our obedience.” So Allah revealed this verse. (3)

Muqatil said: Umm Salamah bint Abi Umayyah and Wanisa bint Ka‘b al-Ansariyyah said to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him: “Why does our Lord mention men but not women anywhere in His Book? We fear that there may be no good in women.” So this verse was revealed. (5)

(1) Recorded by al-Hakim, 3:146, without the words: “She said: ‘I asked, O Messenger of Allah, am I among the People of the Household?’ He replied: ‘Yes, Allah willing.’” It is also found in al-Musnad, 6:492, through another route with similar wording, though its chain is weak. See Ibn Kathir, 3:485-486; Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:117. Al-Hakim said: “This hadith has an authentic chain of transmission.” (2) Recorded by Muslim in Fada'il al-Sahabah (Virtues of the Companions), chapter: “Among the Virtues of Ali ibn Abi Talib,” no. 2408, 4:1873. (3) Reported by al-Tabari, 22:10. Its chain includes Qabus ibn Abi Zabyan, regarding whom al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar states in al-Taqrib: “There is some weakness in him.” Al-Suyuti additionally attributed it to al-Tabarani. See Zad al-Masir, 6:383, with the editor’s note; al-Bahr al-Muhit, 7:233. (4) Manuscript B reads: Anisah. (5) See the reports from Umm Salamah in al-Tabari, 22:10.

أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ الْحُمَيْدِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ الْحَافِظُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْعَبَّاسِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَعْقُوبَ حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُكَرَّمٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ شَرِيكِ بْنِ أَبِي نمر، عن ٨٢/أعَطَاءِ بْنِ يَسَارٍ، عَنْ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ قَالَتْ: فِي بَيْتِي أُنْزِلَتْ: ﴿إِنَّمَا يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُذْهِبَ عَنْكُمُ الرِّجْسَ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ﴾ قَالَتْ: فَأَرْسَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى فَاطِمَةَ وَعَلِيٍّ وَالْحَسَنِ وَالْحُسَيْنِ، فَقَالَ "هَؤُلَاءِ أَهْلُ بَيْتِي"، قَالَتْ: فَقُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ أَمَا أَنَا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْبَيْتِ؟ قَالَ: "بَلَى إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ" (١) . قَالَ زَيْدُ بْنُ أَرْقَمَ: أَهْلُ بَيْتِهِ مَنْ حَرُمَ الصَّدَقَةُ عَلَيْهِ بَعْدَهُ، آلُ عَلِيٍّ وَآلُ عَقِيلٍ وَآلُ جَعْفَرٍ وَآلُ عَبَّاسٍ (٢) . ﴿وَاذْكُرْنَ مَا يُتْلَى فِي بُيُوتِكُنَّ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ وَالْحِكْمَةِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ لَطِيفًا خَبِيرًا (٣٤) إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمَاتِ وَالْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالْمُؤْمِنَاتِ وَالْقَانِتِينَ وَالْقَانِتَاتِ وَالصَّادِقِينَ وَالصَّادِقَاتِ وَالصَّابِرِينَ وَالصَّابِرَاتِ وَالْخَاشِعِينَ وَالْخَاشِعَاتِ وَالْمُتَصَدِّقِينَ وَالْمُتَصَدِّقَاتِ وَالصَّائِمِينَ وَالصَّائِمَاتِ وَالْحَافِظِينَ فُرُوجَهُمْ وَالْحَافِظَاتِ وَالذَّاكِرِينَ اللَّهَ كَثِيرًا وَالذَّاكِرَاتِ أَعَدَّ اللَّهُ لَهُمْ مَغْفِرَةً وَأَجْرًا عَظِيمًا (٣٥) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿وَاذْكُرْنَ مَا يُتْلَى فِي بُيُوتِكُنَّ مِنْ آيَاتِ اللَّهِ﴾ يَعْنِي: الْقُرْآنَ، ﴿وَالْحِكْمَةِ﴾ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: يَعْنِي السَّنَةَ وَقَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: أَحْكَامُ الْقُرْآنِ وَمَوَاعِظُهُ. ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ لَطِيفًا خَبِيرًا﴾ أَيْ: لَطِيفًا بِأَوْلِيَائِهِ خَبِيرًا بِجَمِيعِ خَلْقِهِ. قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿إِنَّ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَالْمُسْلِمَاتِ﴾ الْآيَةَ. وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ أَزْوَاجَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ قُلْنَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ الرِّجَالَ فِي الْقُرْآنِ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرِ النِّسَاءَ بِخَيْرٍ، فَمَا فِينَا خَيْرٌ نُذْكَرُ بِهِ، إِنَّا نَخَافُ أَنْ لَا يَقْبَلَ اللَّهُ مِنَّا طَاعَةً، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (٣) . قَالَ مُقَاتِلٌ: قَالَتْ أُمُّ سَلَمَةَ بِنْتُ أَبِي أُمَيَّةَ وَنِيسَةُ (٤) بِنْتُ كَعْبٍ الْأَنْصَارِيَّةُ لِلنَّبِيِّ ﷺ: مَا بَالُ رَبِّنَا يَذْكُرُ الرِّجَالَ وَلَا يَذْكُرُ النِّسَاءَ فِي شَيْءٍ مِنْ كِتَابِهِ، نَخْشَى أَنْ لَا يَكُونَ فِيهِنَّ خَيْرٌ؟ فَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ (٥) .

(١) أخرجه الحاكم: ٣ / ١٤٦ دون قوله: (قالت: فقلت يا رسول الله أما أنا من أهل البيت؟ قال: بلى إن شاء الله) ، وهو في المسند: ٦ / ٤٩٢ من طريق آخر بنحوه وسنده ضعيف، وانظر: ابن كثير: ٣ / ٤٨٥-٤٨٦، شرح السنة: ١٤ / ١١٧.وقال: هذا حديث صحيح الإسناد. (٢) أخرجه مسلم في فضائل الصحابة، باب: من فضائل علي بن أبي طالب ﵁ برقم: (٢٤٠٨) ٤ / ١٨٧٣. (٣) رواه الطبري: ٢٢ / ١٠ وفي سنده قابوس بن أبي ظبيان، قال الحافظ ابن حجر عنه في التقريب: "فيه لين" وزاد السيوطي نسبته للطبراني. انظر: زاد المسير: ٦ / ٣٨٣ مع حاشية المحقق، البحر المحيط: ٧ / ٢٣٣. (٤) في "ب" أنيسة. (٥) انظر: الروايات عن أم سلمة في الطبري: ٢٢ / ١٠.