Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/344)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

in your possession, for that is easier for me and for you.” So he left her as she was. When she was taken captive, she had disliked Islam and refused to accept anything but Judaism. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, therefore kept away from her and was troubled by her situation. While he was sitting with his Companions, he heard the sound of two sandals behind him and said, “This is Thalabah ibn Shubah, bringing me news of Rayhanah’s acceptance of Islam.” He then came and said, “O Messenger of Allah, Rayhanah has accepted Islam.” This greatly pleased him. (1)

When the affair of Banu Qurayzah had concluded, the wound of Sad ibn Muadh burst open. This was because, after passing the judgment he had passed concerning Banu Qurayzah, he had supplicated: “O Allah, You know that there was no people whom I loved more to fight than a people who denied Your Messenger. O Allah, if any war against Your Messenger remains with Quraysh, then preserve me for it; but if You have ended the war between him and them, then take me to Yourself.” His wound then burst open, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, brought him back to the tent that had been set up for him in the mosque.

Aishah said: “The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, Abu Bakr, and Umar were present with him. By Him in whose Hand is Muhammad’s soul, I could distinguish Umar’s weeping from Abu Bakr’s weeping, though I was in my chamber.” She said: “They were as Allah Most High said: ‘compassionate among themselves.’ (2) (al-Fath—29)” The conquest of Banu Qurayzah took place at the end of Dhu al-Qadah in the fifth year after the Hijrah.

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nuaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail informed us; Abdullah ibn Muhammad informed us; Yahya ibn Adam informed us; Israil informed us: I heard Abu Ishaq say: I heard Sulayman ibn Surad say: I heard the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, when he had driven the Confederates away from him: “Now we shall march against them, and they shall not march against us; we shall advance upon them.” (3)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Nuaymi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail informed us; Qutaybah informed us; al-Layth informed us, from Said ibn Abi Said, from his father, from Abu Hurayrah, that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, would say: “There is no god worthy of worship but Allah alone. He has strengthened His forces, granted victory to His servant, and defeated the Confederates alone. There is nothing after Him.” (4)

Allah Most High said concerning the account of Banu Qurayzah: “And He brought down from their strongholds those among the People of the Book who had supported them, and cast terror into their hearts: one party you killed”—they were the men, said to have numbered six hundred—“and one party you took captive”—they were the women and children, said to have numbered seven hundred and fifty; and it is also said, nine hundred. (5)

(1) See Ibn Hisham, 3:242-243. (2) Reported by Imam Ahmad, 6:141-142. (3) Reported by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Maghazi (The Book of Military Expeditions), chapter: “The Battle of the Trench,” 7:405; and by the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:7-8. (4) Reported by al-Bukhari in Kitab al-Maghazi (The Book of Military Expeditions), chapter: “The Battle of the Trench,” 7:406; and by Muslim in Kitab al-Dhikr wa al-Du'a wa al-Tawbah wa al-Istighfar (Remembrance, Supplication, Repentance, and Seeking Forgiveness), chapter: “Seeking refuge from the evil of what one has done and what one has not done,” no. 2724, 4:2089, through Qutaybah; and by the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:8. (5) See the account of the story in Sirat Ibn Hisham, 3:233-243.

فِي مِلْكِكَ فَهُوَ أَخَفُّ عَلَيَّ وَعَلَيْكَ فَتَرَكَهَا وَقَدْ كَانَتْ حِينَ سَبَاهَا كَرِهَتِ الْإِسْلَامَ وَأَبَتْ إِلَّا الْيَهُودِيَّةَ، فَعَزَلَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَوَجَدَ فِي نَفْسِهِ بِذَلِكَ مِنْ أَمْرِهَا، فَبَيْنَا هُوَ مَعَ أَصْحَابِهِ إِذْ سَمِعَ وَقْعَ نَعْلَيْنِ خَلْفَهُ فَقَالَ إِنَّ هَذَا لَثَعْلَبَةُ بْنُ شُعْبَةَ يُبَشِّرُنِي بِإِسْلَامِ رَيْحَانَةَ فَجَاءَهُ فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ قَدْ أَسْلَمَتْ رَيْحَانَةُ، فَسَّرَهُ ذَلِكَ (١) . فَلَمَّا انْقَضَى شَأْنُ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ انْفَجَرَ جُرْحُ سَعْدِ بْنِ مُعَاذٍ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ دَعَا بَعْدَ أَنْ حَكَمَ فِي بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ مَا حَكَمَ فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّكَ قَدْ عَلِمْتَ أَنَّهُ لَمْ يَكُنْ قَوْمٌ أَحَبَّ إِلَيَّ أَنْ أُجَاهِدَهُمْ مِنْ قَوْمٍ كَذَّبُوا رَسُولَكَ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنْ كُنْتَ أَبْقَيْتَ مِنْ حَرْبِ قُرَيْشٍ عَلَى رَسُولِكَ شَيْئًا فَأَبْقِنِي لَهَا وَإِنْ كُنْتَ قَدْ قَطَعْتَ الْحَرْبَ بَيْنَهُ وَبَيْنَهُمْ فَاقْبِضْنِي إِلَيْكَ، فَانْفَجَرَ كَلْمُهُ فَرَجَعَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى خَيْمَتِهِ الَّتِي ضُرِبَتْ عَلَيْهِ فِي الْمَسْجِدِ، قَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: فَحَضَرَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمْرُ فَوَالَّذِي نَفْسُ مُحَمَّدٍ بِيَدِهِ إِنِّي لِأَعْرِفُ بُكَاءَ عُمَرَ مِنْ بُكَاءِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ وَإِنِّي لَفِي حُجْرَتِي، قَالَتْ: وَكَانُوا كَمَا قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: "رُحَمَاءُ بَيْنَهُمْ (٢) (الْفَتْحِ-٢٩) ، وَكَانَ فَتْحُ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ فِي آخِرِ ذِي الْقِعْدَةِ سَنَةَ خَمْسٍ مِنَ الْهِجْرَةِ. أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ آدَمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا إِسْرَائِيلُ، سَمِعْتُ أَبَا إِسْحَاقَ يَقُولُ، سَمِعْتُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنَ صُرْدٍ يَقُولُ، سَمِعْتُ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَقُولُ حِينَ أَجْلَى الْأَحْزَابَ عَنْهُ: "الْآنَ نَغْزُوهُمْ وَلَا يَغْزُونَا، نَحْنُ نَسِيرُ إِلَيْهِمْ" (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا عبد الواحد الميحي، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا قُتَيْبَةُ، أَخْبَرَنَا اللَّيْثُ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ كَانَ يَقُولُ: "لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ، أَعَزَّ جُنْدَهُ، وَنَصَرَ عَبْدَهُ، وَغَلَبَ الْأَحْزَابَ وَحْدَهُ" فَلَا شَيْءَ بَعْدَهُ" (٤) . قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى فِي قِصَّةِ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ: ﴿وَأَنْزَلَ الَّذِينَ ظَاهَرُوهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِنْ صَيَاصِيهِمْ وَقَذَفَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ فَرِيقًا تَقْتُلُونَ﴾ وَهْمُ الرِّجَالُ، يُقَالُ: كَانُوا سِتَّمِائَةٍ، ﴿وَتَأْسِرُونَ فَرِيقًا﴾ وَهْمُ النِّسَاءُ وَالذَّرَارِي، يُقَالُ: كَانُوا سَبْعَمِائَةٍ وَخَمْسِينَ، وَيُقَالُ: تِسْعَمِائَةٍ (٥)

(١) انظر: ابن هشام: ٣ / ٢٤٢-٢٤٣. (٢) أخرجه الإمام أحمد: ٦ / ١٤١-١٤٢. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي: باب غزوة الخندق ٧ / ٤٠٥، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٧-٨. (٤) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي: باب غزوة الخندق ٧ / ٤٠٦، ومسلم في الذكر والدعاء والتوبة والاستغفار، باب: التعوذ من شر ما عمل، ومن شر ما لم يعمل، برقم: (٢٧٢٤) ٤ / ٢٠٨٩ عن قتيبة، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ٨. (٥) انظر: سياق القصة في سيرة ابن هشام: ٣ / ٢٣٣-٢٤٣.