Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/339)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

he awoke on the morning following the night in which the confederates had withdrawn, returning to their lands, and the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the believers had returned from the Trench to Medina and laid down their weapons. Then, at noon, Gabriel came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, wearing a turban of brocade and riding a mule with a saddle (1) covered by a silk velvet cloth. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was with Zaynab bint Jahsh as she washed his head, having washed one side of it. Gabriel said, “Have you laid down your weapons, O Messenger of Allah?” He replied, “Yes.” Gabriel said, “May Allah pardon you! The angels have not laid down their weapons for forty nights, and I have only now returned from pursuing those people.”

It is also related that dust was upon Gabriel’s face and his horse, so the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, began wiping the dust from Gabriel’s face and from his horse. Gabriel said, “Allah commands you to march against Banu Qurayzah, so advance (2) against them (3); for I have cut their bowstrings, opened their gates, and left them in turmoil and confusion.” The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, then ordered a caller to proclaim: “Whoever hears and obeys must not pray the afternoon prayer except among Banu Qurayzah.”

The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, sent Ali ibn Abi Talib, may Allah be pleased with him, ahead of them with his banner, and the people hastened after it. Ali, may Allah be pleased with him, proceeded swiftly until, as he neared the fortresses, he heard from them offensive words directed at the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. He turned back until he met the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, on the road, and said, “O Messenger of Allah, there is no need for you to approach these wicked people.” He asked, “Why? I think you have heard them speaking hurtfully of me.” Ali replied, “Yes, O Messenger of Allah.” He said, “Had they seen me, they would not have said any of that.”

When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, approached their fortresses, he said, “O brothers of monkeys and swine, has Allah disgraced you and sent down His punishment upon you?” They replied, “O Abu al-Qasim, you were not an ignorant man.”

Before reaching Banu Qurayzah, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, passed by his Companions at al-Surayn (4) and asked, “Has anyone passed by you?” They replied, “Yes, O Messenger of Allah. Dihyah ibn Khalifah al-Kalbi passed by us on a white mule with a saddle covered by a silk velvet cloth.” He said, “That was Gabriel, sent to Banu Qurayzah to shake their fortresses and cast terror into their hearts.”

When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, reached Banu Qurayzah, he camped by one of its wells in a part of their lands. The people then joined him in succession. Some men came to him after the night prayer without having performed the afternoon prayer, owing to the statement of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace: “Let none of you pray the afternoon prayer except among Banu Qurayzah.” They therefore performed the afternoon prayer there after the night prayer, and Allah did not fault them for doing so.

(1) Al-rihalah: a saddle. (2) Rise against them. A people are said to have risen against their enemy when they confront him and begin fighting him. (3) See al-Bukhari, 7:407; Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:10-11. (4) A place near Medina.

أَصْبَحَ مِنَ اللَّيْلَةِ الَّتِي انْصَرَفَ الْأَحْزَابُ فِيهَا رَاجِعِينَ إِلَى بِلَادِهِمْ وَانْصَرَفَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ عَنِ الْخَنْدَقِ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَوَضَعُوا السِّلَاحَ فَلَمَّا كَانَ الظُّهْرُ أَتَى جِبْرِيلُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ مُعْتَجِرًا بِعِمَامَةٍ مِنِ اسْتَبْرَقٍ عَلَى بَغْلَةٍ عَلَيْهَا رِحَالَةٌ (١) وَعَلَيْهَا قَطِيفَةٌ مِنْ دِيبَاجٍ، وَرَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عِنْدَ زَيْنَبَ بِنْتِ جَحْشٍ وَهِيَ تَغْسِلُ رأسه وقد غلست شِقَّهُ، فَقَالَ: قَدْ وَضَعْتَ السِّلَاحَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، فَقَالَ جِبْرِيلُ: عَفَا اللَّهُ عَنْكَ مَا وَضَعَتِ الْمَلَائِكَةُ السِّلَاحَ مُنْذُ أَرْبَعِينَ لَيْلَةً، وَمَا رَجَعْتُ الْآنَ إِلَّا مِنْ طَلَبِ الْقَوْمِ. وَرُوِيَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ الْغُبَارُ عَلَى وَجْهِ جِبْرِيلَ ﵇ وَفَرَسِهِ فَجَعَلَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ يَمْسَحُ الْغُبَارَ عَنْ وَجْهِهِ وَعَنْ فَرَسِهِ، فَقَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكَ بِالسَّيْرِ إِلَى بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ فَانْهَدْ (٢) إِلَيْهِمْ (٣) فَإِنِّي قَدْ قَطَعْتُ أَوْتَارَهُمْ، وَفَتَحْتُ أَبْوَابَهُمْ وَتَرَكْتُهُمْ فِي زِلْزَالٍ وَبِلْبَالٍ، فَأَمَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ مُنَادِيًا فَأَذَّنَ: أَنَّ مَنْ كَانَ سَامِعًا مُطِيعًا فَلَا يُصَلِّينَ الْعَصْرَ إِلَّا فِي بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، وَقَدَّمَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلِيَّ بْنَ أَبِي طَالِبٍ ﵁ بِرَايَتِهِ إِلَيْهِمْ، وَابْتَدَرَهَا النَّاسُ فَسَارَ عَلِيٌّ ﵁ حثى إِذَا دَنَا مِنَ الْحُصُونِ سَمِعَ مِنْهَا مَقَالَةً قَبِيحَةً لِرَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَرَجَعَ حَتَّى لَقِيَ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالطَّرِيقِ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ لَا عَلَيْكَ أَنْ تَدْنُوَ مِنْ هَؤُلَاءِ الْأَخَابِثِ، قَالَ: لِمَ، أَظُنُّكَ سَمِعْتَ لِي مِنْهُمْ أَذَىً؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، قَالَ: لَوْ قَدْ رَأَوْنِي لَمْ يَقُولُوا مِنْ ذَلِكَ شَيْئًا. فَلَمَّا دَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ حُصُونِهِمْ قَالَ: يَا إِخْوَانَ الْقِرَدَةِ وَالْخَنَازِيرِ هَلْ أَخْزَاكُمُ اللَّهُ وَأَنْزَلَ بِكُمْ نقمته؟. قالوا: يل أَبَا الْقَاسِمِ مَا كُنْتَ جَهُولًا. وَمَرَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ بِالصَّوْرَيْنِ (٤) قَبْلَ أَنْ يَصِلَ إِلَى بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ فَقَالَ: هَلْ مَرَّ بِكُمْ أَحَدٌ؟ فَقَالُوا: نَعَمْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَرَّ بِنَا دَحْيَةُ بْنُ خَلِيفَةَ الْكَلْبِيُّ عَلَى بَغْلَةٍ بَيْضَاءَ عَلَيْهَا رِحَالَةٌ عَلَيْهَا قَطِيفَةُ دِيبَاجٍ، فَقَالَ ﵇: ذَاكَ جِبْرِيلُ بُعِثَ إِلَى بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ يُزَلْزِلُ بِهِمْ حُصُونَهُمْ وَيَقْذِفُ الرُّعْبَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ. فَلَمَّا أَتَى رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ نَزَلَ عَلَى بِئْرٍ مِنْ آبَارِهَا فِي نَاحِيَةٍ مِنْ أَمْوَالِهِمْ، فَتَلَاحَقَ بِهِ النَّاسُ فَأَتَاهُ رِجَالٌ مِنْ بَعْدِ صَلَاةِ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ وَلَمْ يُصَلُّوا الْعَصْرَ لِقَوْلِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "لَا يُصَلِّيَنَّ أَحَدٌ الْعَصْرَ إِلَّا فِي بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ"، فَصَلُّوا الْعَصْرَ بِهَا بَعْدَ الْعِشَاءِ الْآخِرَةِ فَمَا عَابَهُمُ اللَّهُ بِذَلِكَ

(١) الرحالة: السرج. (٢) انهض إليهم، ونهد القوم لعدوهم إذا صمدوا له وشرعوا في قتاله. (٣) انظر البخاري: ٧ / ٤٠٧، شرح السنة: ١٤ / ١٠-١١. (٤) موضع قرب المدينة.