Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/338)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

in Antioch, Muslim ibn Ibrahim informed us; al-Salt ibn Dinar informed us, from Abu Nasrah, from Jabir ibn Abdullah, who said: The Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, looked at Talhah ibn Abdullah and said, “Whoever wishes to look upon a man walking upon the face of the earth who has fulfilled his vow, let him look at this man.” (1)

Abd al-Wahid al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Na'imi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail informed us; Abdullah ibn Abi Shaybah informed us; Waki' ibn Ismail informed us, from Qays, who said: “I saw Talhah’s hand crippled; he had used it to shield the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, on the day of Uhud.” (2)

“So that Allah may reward the truthful for their truthfulness and punish the hypocrites, if He wills, or accept their repentance. Indeed, Allah is Ever Forgiving, Most Merciful. And Allah repelled those who disbelieved in their rage, having gained no good. Allah was sufficient for the believers in battle, and Allah is All-Strong, Almighty. And He brought down those among the People of the Book who supported them from their fortresses, and cast terror into their hearts: a party you killed, and a party you took captive.” (24–26)

Allah the Exalted says: “So that Allah may reward the truthful for their truthfulness”—that is, reward them for their truthfulness; and their truthfulness was their fulfilling of the covenant—“and punish the hypocrites, if He wills, or accept their repentance,” by guiding them to faith. “Indeed, Allah is Ever Forgiving, Most Merciful.”

“And Allah repelled those who disbelieved,” namely Quraysh and Ghatfan, “in their rage”: He did not satisfy their hearts by allowing them to attain what they sought. “Having gained no good”: no victory. “Allah was sufficient for the believers in battle,” through the angels and the wind. “And Allah is All-Strong, Almighty”: [strong in His dominion, mighty] (3) in His retribution.

“And He brought down those among the People of the Book who supported them”—that is, who aided the confederates from Quraysh and Ghatfan against the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the Muslims; they were Banu Qurayzah—“from their fortresses,” meaning their strongholds and defenses. The singular is sīsiyah; [this term is also used for a horn, the spur of a rooster, and a thistle.] (4) This was because, when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,

(1) Narrated by al-Tirmidhi in al-Manaqib, 10:242. He said: “This is a gharib hadith; we know it only through the narration of al-Salt ibn Dinar. Some scholars criticized al-Salt ibn Dinar and declared him weak, and they also criticized Salih ibn Musa.” It was also narrated by Ibn Majah in al-Muqaddimah, no. 125, 1:46, but with the wording: “Talhah passed by the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and he said: ‘A martyr walking upon the face of the earth.’” Also narrated by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 4:120. (2) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Maghazi, chapter: “When two parties among you were about to lose courage,” 7:359; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 14:121. (3) The words within the parentheses are an addition found in manuscript B. (4) The words within the parentheses are an addition found in manuscript B.

بِأَنْطَاكِيَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، أَخْبَرَنَا الصَّلْتُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ أَبِي نُصْرَةَ، عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ قَالَ: نَظَرَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ إِلَى طَلْحَةَ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ فَقَالَ: "مَنْ أَحَبَّ أَنْ يَنْظُرَ إِلَى رَجُلٍ يَمْشِي عَلَى وَجْهِ الْأَرْضِ وَقَدْ قَضَى نَحْبَهُ فَلْيَنْظُرْ إِلَى هَذَا" (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا وَكِيعُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، عَنْ قَيْسٍ قَالَ: رَأَيْتُ يَدَ طَلْحَةَ شَلَّاءَ وَقَى بِهَا النَّبِيَّ ﷺ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ (٢) . ﴿لِيَجْزِيَ اللَّهُ الصَّادِقِينَ بِصِدْقِهِمْ وَيُعَذِّبَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَوْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا (٢٤) وَرَدَّ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا بِغَيْظِهِمْ لَمْ يَنَالُوا خَيْرًا وَكَفَى اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْقِتَالَ وَكَانَ اللَّهُ قَوِيًّا عَزِيزًا (٢٥) وَأَنْزَلَ الَّذِينَ ظَاهَرُوهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ مِنْ صَيَاصِيهِمْ وَقَذَفَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمُ الرُّعْبَ فَرِيقًا تَقْتُلُونَ وَتَأْسِرُونَ فَرِيقًا (٢٦) ﴾ قَوْلُهُ ﷿: ﴿لِيَجْزِيَ اللَّهُ الصَّادِقِينَ بِصِدْقِهِمْ﴾ أَيْ جَزَاءَ صِدْقِهِمْ، وَصِدْقُهُمْ هُوَ الْوَفَاءُ بِالْعَهْدِ، ﴿وَيُعَذِّبَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ إِنْ شَاءَ أَوْ يَتُوبَ عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ فَيَهْدِيهِمْ إِلَى الْإِيمَانِ، ﴿إِنَّ اللَّهَ كَانَ غَفُورًا رَحِيمًا﴾ ﴿وَرَدَّ اللَّهُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا﴾ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَغَطَفَانَ، ﴿بِغَيْظِهِمْ﴾ لَمْ يَشْفِ صُدُورَهُمْ بِنَيْلِ مَا أَرَادُوا، ﴿لَمْ يَنَالُوا خَيْرًا﴾ ظَفَرًا، ﴿وَكَفَى اللَّهُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الْقِتَالَ﴾ بِالْمَلَائِكَةِ وَالرِّيحِ، ﴿وَكَانَ اللَّهُ قَوِيًّا عَزِيزًا﴾ [قَوِيًّا فِي مُلْكِهِ عَزِيزًا] (٣) فِي انْتِقَامِهِ. ﴿وَأَنْزَلَ الَّذِينَ ظَاهَرُوهُمْ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ﴾ أَيْ: عَاوَنُوا الْأَحْزَابَ مِنْ قُرَيْشٍ وَغَطَفَانَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالْمُسْلِمِينَ وَهُمْ بَنُو قُرَيْظَةَ، ﴿مِنْ صَيَاصِيهِمْ﴾ حُصُونِهِمْ وَمَعَاقِلِهِمْ، وَاحِدُهَا صِيصِيَةٌ، [وَمِنْهُ قِيلَ لِلْقَرْنِ وَلِشَوْكَةِ الدِّيكِ وَالْحَاكَّةِ صِيصِيَةٌ] (٤) وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ لَمَّا

(١) أخرجه الترمذي في المناقب: ١٠ / ٢٤٢ وقال: "هذا حديث غريب لا نعرفه إلا من حديث الصلت بن دينار، وقد تكلم بعض أهل العلم في الصلت بن دينار وضعفه وتكلموا في صالح بن موسى"، وابن ماجه في المقدمة برقم: (١٢٥) ١ / ٤٦ لكن بلفظ: (أن طلحة مر على النبي ﷺ فقال: شهيد يمشي على وجه الأرض) ، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٤ / ١٢٠. (٢) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي، باب: "إذ همت طائفتان منكم أن تفشلا": ٧ / ٣٥٩، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ١٤ / ١٢١. (٣) ما بين القوسين زيادة من "ب". (٤) ما بين القوسين زيادة من "ب".