Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/337)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Muhammad ibn Ishaq said: “Those among them who fulfilled their vow were those martyred at Badr and Uhud,” (1) “and those who are still waiting” are the believers who remained after them, awaiting one of two outcomes: either martyrdom or victory. (2) “And they have not altered” their covenant “in the least.”

Abd al-Wahid ibn Ahmad al-Mulayhi informed us; Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Na'imi informed us; Muhammad ibn Yusuf informed us; Muhammad ibn Ismail informed us; Muhammad ibn Sa'id al-Khuza'i informed us; Abd al-A'la informed us, from Humayd, who said: “I asked Anas.” Through another chain, Amr ibn Zurarah informed us; Ziyad informed us; Humayd al-Tawil related to me from Anas, who said:

“My uncle Anas ibn al-Nadr had been absent from the fighting at Badr. He said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, I was absent from the first battle in which you fought the idolaters. If Allah enables me to witness a battle against the idolaters, Allah will surely see what I do.’

“When the day of Uhud came and the Muslims had withdrawn, he said, ‘O Allah, I seek Your pardon for what these people have done’—meaning his companions—‘and I disavow before You what these people have done’—meaning the idolaters. He then advanced, and Sa'd ibn Mu'adh met him. He said, ‘O Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, Paradise! By the Lord of al-Nadr, I can smell its fragrance from the direction of Uhud.’

“Sa'd said, ‘O Messenger of Allah, I was unable to do what he did.’ Anas said: ‘We found on him more than eighty wounds from sword blows, spear thrusts, or arrow shots. We found that he had been killed and mutilated by the idolaters; no one recognized him except his sister, who recognized him by his fingertips.’ Anas said: ‘We used to think—or consider—that this verse was revealed concerning him and others like him: “Among the believers are men who have been true to their covenant with Allah,” to the end of the verse.’ (3)

Ahmad ibn Abdullah al-Salihi informed us; Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Hiri informed us; Hajib ibn Ahmad al-Tusi informed us; Muhammad ibn Hammad informed us; Mu'awiyah informed us, from al-A'mash, from Sufyan, from Shaqiq, from Khabbab ibn al-Aratt, who said:

“We emigrated with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, in the path of Allah, seeking Allah’s Countenance; thus, our reward became assured with Allah. Some of us passed on without receiving anything of their reward, among them Mus'ab ibn Umayr. He was killed on the day of Uhud, and nothing was found in which to shroud him except a striped cloak. Whenever we placed it over his head, his feet were uncovered; and whenever we placed it over his feet, 79/b, his head was uncovered. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, ‘Place it over the part nearest his head, and put idhkhir grass over his feet.’ He said: ‘And among us are those whose fruits ripened for them, and they plucked them.’” (4)

Abu al-Muzaffar Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Taymi informed us; Abu Muhammad Abd al-Rahman ibn Uthman, known as Ibn Abi Nasr, informed us; Khaythamah ibn Sulayman ibn Haydarah al-Atrabulusi informed us; Muhammad ibn Sulayman al-Jawhari informed us—

(1) In Ibn Hisham, 3:248: “fulfilled his term,” meaning: he completed his deed and returned to his Lord, such as one who was martyred on the day of Badr or Uhud. (2) See Ibn Hisham’s Sirah, 3:248–249. (3) Narrated by al-Bukhari in Jihad, in the chapter on Allah’s saying, “Among the believers are men who were true to what they pledged to Allah; among them are those who have fulfilled their term, and among them are those who still wait, and they have not altered in the least,” 6:21; and by Muslim in al-Imarah, chapter: “The affirmation of Paradise for the martyr,” no. 1903, 3:1512. (4) Narrated by al-Bukhari in al-Maghazi, chapter: “The Battle of Uhud,” 7:354; and by the author in Sharh al-Sunnah, 5:319.

وَقَالَ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ: "فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ قَضَى نَحْبَهُ" مَنِ اسْتُشْهِدَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ وَأُحُدٍ (١) "وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَنْتَظِرُ" يَعْنِي: مَنْ بَقِيَ بَعْدَ هَؤُلَاءِ مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَنْتَظِرُونَ أَحَدَ الْأَمْرَيْنِ؛ إِمَّا الشَّهَادَةَ أَوِ النَّصْرَ (٢) ﴿وَمَا بَدَّلُوا﴾ عَهْدَهُمْ ﴿تَبْدِيلًا﴾ أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْمَلِيحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ النَّعِيمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يُوسُفَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ الْخُزَاعِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الْأَعْلَى، عَنْ حُمَيْدٍ قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ أَنَسًا \ح \ وَحَدَّثَنِي عَمْرُو بْنُ زُرَارَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا زِيَادٌ، حَدَّثَنِي حُمَيْدٌ الطَّوِيلُ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ قَالَ: غَابَ عَمِّي أَنَسُ بْنُ النَّضْرِ عَنْ قِتَالِ بَدْرٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ غِبْتُ عَنْ أَوَّلِ قِتَالٍ قَاتَلْتَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، لَئِنْ أَشْهَدَنِيَ اللَّهُ قِتَالَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ لَيَرَيَنَّ اللَّهُ مَا أَصْنَعُ، فَلَّمَا كَانَ يَوْمُ أُحُدٍ وَانْكَشَفَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ قَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعْتَذِرُ إِلَيْكَ مِمَّا صَنَعَ هَؤُلَاءِ -يَعْنِي أَصْحَابَهُ-وَأَبْرَأُ إِلَيْكَ مِمَّا صَنَعَ هَؤُلَاءِ -يَعْنِي الْمُشْرِكِينَ-ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ فَاسْتَقْبَلَهُ سَعْدُ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، فَقَالَ: يَا سَعْدُ بْنَ مُعَاذٍ الْجَنَّةَ وَرَبِّ النَّضْرِ إِنِّي أَجِدُ رِيحَهَا مِنْ دُونِ أُحُدٍ، قَالَ سَعْدُ: فَمَا اسْتَطَعْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ مَا صَنَعَ، قَالَ أَنَسٌ فَوَجَدْنَا بِهِ بِضْعًا وَثَمَانِينَ ضَرْبَةً بِالسَّيْفِ أَوْ طَعْنَةً بِرُمْحٍ أَوْ رَمْيَةً بِسَهْمٍ، وَوَجَدْنَاهُ قَدْ قُتِلَ وَقَدْ مَثَّلَ بِهِ الْمُشْرِكُونَ، فَمَا عَرَفَهُ أَحَدٌ إِلَّا أُخْتُهُ بِبَنَانِهِ، قَالَ أَنَسٌ: كُنَّا نَظُنُّ أَوْ نَرَى أَنَّ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ نَزَلَتْ فِيهِ وَفِي أَشْبَاهِهِ: ﴿مِنَ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ رِجَالٌ صَدَقُوا مَا عَاهَدُوا اللَّهَ عَلَيْهِ﴾ إِلَى آخِرِ الْآيَةِ (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الصَّالِحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ الْحِيرِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا حَاجِبُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الطُّوسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ حَمَّادٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُعَاوِيَةُ، عَنِ الْأَعْمَشِ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ شَقِيقٍ، عَنْ خَبَّابِ بْنِ الْأَرَتِّ قَالَ: هَاجَرْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ نَبْتَغِي وَجْهَ اللَّهِ فَوَجَبَ أَجْرُنَا عَلَى اللَّهِ، فَمِنَّا مَنْ مَضَى لَمْ يَأْكَلْ مَنْ أَجْرِهِ شَيْئًا، مِنْهُمْ مُصْعَبُ بْنُ عُمَيْرٍ، قُتِلَ يَوْمَ أُحُدٍ، فَلَمْ يُوجَدْ لَهُ شَيْءٌ يُكَفَّنُ فِيهِ إِلَّا نَمِرَةٌ، فَكُنَّا إِذَا وَضَعْنَاهَا عَلَى رَأْسِهِ خَرَجَتْ رِجْلَاهُ، وَإِذَا وَضَعْنَاهُ على رجليه ٧٩/ب خَرَجَ رَأْسُهُ، فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "ضَعُوهَا مِمَّا يَلِي رَأْسَهُ وَاجْعَلُوا عَلَى رِجْلَيْهِ مِنَ الْإِذْخَرِ، قَالَ: وَمَنْ أَيْنَعَتْ لَهُ ثَمَرَتُهُ فَهُوَ يَهْدِ بِهَا" (٤) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو الْمُظَفَّرِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ التَّيْمِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مُحَمَّدٍ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِابْنِ أَبِي نَصْرٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا خَيْثَمَةُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ حَيْدَرَةَ الْأَطْرَابُلُسِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْجَوْهَرِيُّ

(١) في ابن هشام: ٣ / ٢٤٨: "من قضى نحبه" أي: فرغ من عمله، ورجع إلى ربه، كمن استشهد يوم بدر وأحد. (٢) انظر سيرة ابن هشام: ٣ / ٢٤٨-٢٤٩. (٣) أخرجه البخاري في الجهاد، باب قوله الله ﷿: "من المؤمنين رجال صدقوا ما عاهدوا الله عليه فمنهم من قضى نحبه ومنهم من ينتظر وما بدلوا تبديلا": ٦ / ٢١، ومسلم في الإمارة، باب: ثبوت الجنة للشهيد برقم (١٩٠٣) : ٣ / ١٥١٢. (٤) أخرجه البخاري في المغازي، باب: غزوة أحد ٧ / ٣٥٤، والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٥ / ٣١٩.