Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/332)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And when the hypocrites and those in whose hearts was a disease said, ‘Allah and His Messenger promised us nothing but delusion.’ (12) And when a group among them said, ‘O people of Yathrib, there is no place for you to remain, so return.’ And a party among them asked permission of the Prophet, saying, ‘Our houses are exposed.’ Yet they were not exposed; they intended nothing but to flee. (13) And if they had been entered upon from all its sides, and then been asked to commit apostasy, they would have done so and delayed only a little.” (14)

“And when the hypocrites said”: this refers to Mu'attib ibn Qushayr. It has also been said that it refers to Abd Allah ibn Ubayy and his companions. “And those in whose hearts was a disease”: that is, doubt and weakness of conviction. “Allah and His Messenger promised us nothing but delusion”: this was the statement of the hypocrites: “Muhammad promises us the conquest of the palaces of Syria and Persia, while one of us cannot even move beyond his own baggage! By Allah, this is indeed delusion.”

“And when a group among them said”: that is, among the hypocrites. They were Aws ibn Qayzi and his companions. “O people of Yathrib”: meaning Medina. Abu Ubaydah said: “Yathrib is the name of a tract of land, and the city of the Messenger, peace be upon him, lies within part of it.”

Some reports state that the Prophet, peace be upon him, forbade Medina to be called Yathrib and said, “It is Tabah,” as though he disliked this designation. (1)

“There is no place for you to remain”: the majority recited it as maqam, meaning that there was no place where they could alight and reside. Abu Abd al-Rahman al-Sulami and Hafs recited it as muqam, meaning: there is no staying for you. “So return”: that is, return to your homes, abandoning the following of Muhammad, peace be upon him. It has also been said: return from the fighting to your dwellings.

“And a party among them asked permission of the Prophet”: they were Banu Harithah and Banu Salamah. “Our houses are exposed”: that is, empty and neglected, situated on the side facing the enemy, and we fear that thieves may break into them. Abu Raja al-Utaridi recited it as awirah, with the waw pronounced with an i sound, meaning: their walls were low, making it easy for thieves to enter. Allah then declared them liars, saying: “Yet they were not exposed; they intended nothing but to flee”—that is, they intended nothing but flight.

“And if they had been entered upon”: that is, if Medina had been entered against them by these armies—the Confederates—who sought to fight them, “from all its sides,” meaning its edges and surrounding areas, the plural of qutr; “and then been asked to commit apostasy”: that is, shirk.

(1) Muslim reports in Kitab al-Jihad, 2:1007, from Jabir ibn Samurah, in a report attributed to the Prophet: “Indeed, Allah named it Tabah.” Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi also reports it in his Musnad, p. 104, through Shubah from Simak, with the wording: “They used to call Madinah Yathrib, so the Prophet named it Taybah.” It was also reported by Abu Awanah. See Fath al-Bari, 4:88-89.

﴿وَإِذْ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ مَا وَعَدَنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ إِلَّا غُرُورًا (١٢) وَإِذْ قَالَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ يَا أَهْلَ يَثْرِبَ لَا مُقَامَ لَكُمْ فَارْجِعُوا وَيَسْتَأْذِنُ فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمُ النَّبِيَّ يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ بُيُوتَنَا عَوْرَةٌ وَمَا هِيَ بِعَوْرَةٍ إِنْ يُرِيدُونَ إِلَّا فِرَارًا (١٣) وَلَوْ دُخِلَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَقْطَارِهَا ثُمَّ سُئِلُوا الْفِتْنَةَ لَآتَوْهَا وَمَا تَلَبَّثُوا بِهَا إِلَّا يَسِيرًا (١٤) ﴾ ﴿وَإِذْ يَقُولُ الْمُنَافِقُونَ﴾ مُعَتِّبُ بْنُ قُشَيْرٍ، وَقِيلَ: عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ أُبَيٍّ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، ﴿وَالَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ مَرَضٌ﴾ شَكٌّ وَضَعْفُ اعْتِقَادٍ: ﴿مَا وَعَدَنَا اللَّهُ وَرَسُولُهُ إِلَّا غُرُورًا﴾ وَهُوَ قَوْلُ أَهْلِ النِّفَاقِ: يَعِدُنَا مُحَمَّدٌ فَتْحَ قُصُورِ الشَّامِ وَفَارِسَ وَأَحَدُنَا لَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَنْ يُجَاوِزَ رَحْلَهُ، هَذَا وَاللَّهِ الْغُرُورُ. ﴿وَإِذْ قَالَتْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ﴾ أَيْ: مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ، وَهُمْ أَوْسُ بْنُ قَيْظِيٍّ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، ﴿يَا أَهْلَ يَثْرِبَ﴾ يَعْنِي الْمَدِينَةَ، قَالَ أَبُو عُبَيْدَةَ: "يَثْرِبُ": اسْمُ أَرْضٍ، وَمَدِينَةُ الرَّسُولِ ﷺ فِي نَاحِيَةٍ مِنْهَا. وَفِي بَعْضِ الْأَخْبَارِ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ نَهَى أَنْ تُسَمَّى الْمَدِينَةُ يَثْرِبَ، وَقَالَ: "هِيَ طَابَةُ"، كَأَنَّهُ كَرِهَ هَذِهِ اللَّفْظَةَ (١) . ﴿لَا مُقَامَ لَكُمْ﴾ قَرَأَ الْعَامَّةُ بِفَتْحِ الْمِيمِ، أي: لا مكانه لَكُمْ تَنْزِلُونَ وَتُقِيمُونَ فِيهِ، وَقَرَأَ أَبُو عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ السُّلَمِيُّ، وَحَفْصٌ: بِضَمِّ الْمِيمِ، أَيْ: لَا إِقَامَةَ لَكُمْ، ﴿فَارْجِعُوا﴾ ؛ إِلَى مَنَازِلِكُمْ عَنِ اتِّبَاعِ مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ، وَقِيلَ: عَنِ الْقِتَالِ إِلَى مَسَاكِنِكُمْ. ﴿وَيَسْتَأْذِنُ فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمُ النَّبِيَّ﴾ وَهُمْ بَنُو حَارِثَةَ وَبَنُو سَلَمَةَ، ﴿يَقُولُونَ إِنَّ بُيُوتَنَا عَوْرَةٌ﴾ أَيْ: خَالِيَةٌ ضَائِعَةٌ، وَهُوَ مِمَّا يَلِي الْعَدُوَّ نَخْشَى عَلَيْهَا السُّرَّاقَ. وَقَرَأَ أَبُو رَجَاءٍ الْعُطَارِدِيُّ "عَوِرَةٌ" بِكَسْرِ الْوَاوِ، أَيْ: قَصِيرَةَ الْجُدْرَانِ يَسْهُلُ دُخُولُ السُّرَّاقِ عَلَيْهَا، فَكَذَّبَهُمُ اللَّهُ فَقَالَ: ﴿وَمَا هِيَ بِعَوْرَةٍ إِنْ يُرِيدُونَ إِلَّا فِرَارًا﴾ أَيْ: مَا يُرِيدُونَ إِلَّا الْفِرَارَ. ﴿وَلَوْ دُخِلَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ﴾ أَيْ: لَوْ دُخِلَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الْمَدِينَةَ، يَعْنِي هَؤُلَاءِ الْجُيُوشَ الَّذِينَ يُرِيدُونَ قِتَالَهُمْ، وَهُمُ الْأَحْزَابُ، ﴿مِنْ أَقْطَارِهَا﴾ جَوَانِبِهَا وَنَوَاحِيهَا جَمْعُ قُطْرٍ، ﴿ثُمَّ سُئِلُوا الْفِتْنَةَ﴾ أَيْ: الشِّرْكَ.

(١) روى مسلم في الجهاد: ٢ / ١٠٠٧ من حديث جابر بن سمرة مرفوعا: "إن الله طابة"، ورواه أبو داود الطيالسي في مسنده ص (١٠٤) عن شعبة عن سماك بلفظ: " كانوا يسمون المدينة يثرب، فسماها النبي صلى الله علبيه وسلم طيبة" وأخرجه أبو هوانه. وانظر: فتح الباري: ٤ / ٨٨-٨٩.