Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/323)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

and Mas'ud ibn Rukhaylah ibn Nuwayrah ibn Tarif, among those of his fellow tribesmen from Ashjaʿ who followed him. 76/b

When the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, learned of them and of the purpose for which they had assembled, he ordered a trench to be dug around Medina.

It was Salman the Persian who advised the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to dig the trench. This was the first campaign in which Salman took part alongside the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and he was a free man at that time. He said, “Messenger of Allah, when we in Persia were besieged, we would dig a trench around it.” The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and the Muslims worked on it until they had completed it securely. (1)

Abu Saʿid al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Thaʿlabi informed us; Abdullah ibn Hamid al-Asbahani informed us; Muhammad ibn Jaʿfar al-Tabari informed us; Hammad ibn al-Hasan related to us; Muhammad ibn Khalid ibn Uthmah related to us; Kathir ibn Abdullah related to us, from Amr ibn Awf, who said: My father related to me from his father that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, marked out the trench in the year of the Confederates, then allotted forty cubits to every group of ten men. He said: The Emigrants and the Helpers disputed over Salman the Persian, for he was a strong man. The Emigrants said, “Salman is one of us,” and the Helpers said, “Salman is one of us.” Thereupon the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, “Salman is one of us—the People of the Household.” (2)

Amr ibn Awf said: I, Salman, Hudhayfah, al-Nuʿman ibn Muqarrin al-Mazini, and six men from the Helpers were assigned forty cubits. We dug until, at Dhu Nab, Allah brought forth from the floor of the trench an exceedingly hard rock that broke our iron tools and proved difficult for us. We said, “Salman, go up to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and inform him about this rock. Either he may direct us to divert the trench around it, for there is ample room to do so, or he may give us his instruction concerning it; for we do not wish to go beyond the line he marked out.”

So Salman went up to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, over whom a Turkish tent had been pitched, and said, “Messenger of Allah, a white flint rock has emerged from the floor of the trench. It has broken our iron tools and proved too difficult for us: neither little nor much has any effect upon it. So command us regarding it as you see fit, for we do not wish to go beyond the line you marked out.”

The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, descended into the trench with Salman, while the nine men remained on its edge. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, took the pickaxe from Salman and struck the rock once, cracking it. A flash burst forth from it and illuminated the space between Medina’s two lava fields, as though there were a lamp inside a dark house. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, proclaimed Allah’s greatness in celebration of victory, and the Muslims proclaimed Allah’s greatness.

Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, struck it a second time, and a flash burst forth from it, illuminating the space between its two lava fields as though there were a lamp inside a dark house. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, proclaimed Allah’s greatness in celebration of victory, and the Muslims proclaimed Allah’s greatness.

Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, struck it and broke it apart. A flash burst forth from it, illuminating the space between its two lava fields as though there were a lamp inside a dark house. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, proclaimed Allah’s greatness in celebration of victory, and the Muslims proclaimed Allah’s greatness. He then took Salman by the hand and climbed up, and he said:

(1) Reported by Ibn Ishaq in al-Sirah, as transmitted by Ibn Hisham, 3:214 ff.; and by al-Tabari, 21:129-131. (2) Reported by al-Tabari, 21:133-134; al-Hakim, 3:598, who made no comment on it; and al-Tabarani, 6:261. Al-Dhahabi said: “Its chain of transmission is weak.” See also Kashf al-Khafa wa Muzil al-Ilbas, 1:558. Al-Haythami said in Majma al-Zawaid, 6:130: “It was reported by al-Tabarani, and its chain includes Kathir ibn Abd Allah al-Muzani, whom the majority declared weak, though al-Tirmidhi graded his hadith as hasan; the remainder of its narrators are trustworthy.”

رُخَيْلَةَ بْنِ نُوَيْرَةَ بْنِ طَرِيفٍ فِيمَنْ تَابَعَهُ مِنْ قَوْمِهِ من أشجع ٧٦/ب فَلَمَّا سَمِعَ بِهِمْ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَبِمَا اجْتَمَعُوا لَهُ مِنَ الْأَمْرِ ضَرَبَ الْخَنْدَقَ عَلَى الْمَدِينَةِ. وَكَانَ الَّذِي أَشَارَ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْخَنْدَقِ سَلْمَانُ الْفَارِسِيُّ، وَكَانَ أَوَّلُ مَشْهَدٍ شَهِدَهُ سَلْمَانُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ يَوْمَئِذٍ حُرُّ، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّا كُنَّا بِفَارِسَ إِذَا حُوصِرْنَا خَنْدَقْنَا عَلَيْهَا، فَعَمِلَ فِيهِ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ حَتَّى أَحْكَمُوهُ (١) . أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ حَامِدٍ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ الطَّبَرِيُّ، حَدَّثَنَا حَمَّادُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ، حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ خَالِدِ بْنِ عَثْمَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا كَثِيرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ عَوْفٍ، حَدَّثَنِي أَبِي عَنْ أَبِيهِ قَالَ: خَطَّ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْخَنْدَقَ عَامَ الْأَحْزَابِ ثُمَّ قَطَعَ لِكُلِّ عَشَرَةٍ أَرْبَعِينَ ذِرَاعًا، قَالَ: فَاحْتَجَّ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ وَالْأَنْصَارُ فِي سَلْمَانَ الْفَارِسِيِّ وَكَانَ رَجُلًا قَوِيًّا، فَقَالَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ: سَلْمَانُ مِنَّا، وَقَالَ الْأَنْصَارُ: سَلْمَانُ مِنَّا، فَقَالَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ: "سَلْمَانُ مِنَّا أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ" (٢) . قَالَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عَوْفٍ: كُنْتُ أَنَا وَسَلْمَانُ وَحُذَيْفَةُ وَالنُّعْمَانُ بْنُ مُقَرِّنٍ الْمَازِنِيُّ وَسِتَّةٌ مِنَ الْأَنْصَارِ فِي أَرْبَعِينَ ذِرَاعًا فَحَفَرْنَا حَتَّى إِذَا كُنَّا تَحْتَ ذِي نَابٍ أَخْرَجَ اللَّهُ فِي بَطْنِ الخندق صخرة مرورة كَسَرَتْ حَدِيدَنَا وَشَقَّتْ عَلَيْنَا، فَقُلْنَا: يَا سَلْمَانُ ارْقَ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَأَخْبِرْهُ خَبَرَ هَذِهِ الصَّخْرَةِ، فَإِمَّا أَنْ يَعْدِلَ عَنْهَا فَإِنَّ الْمَعْدِلَ قَرِيبٌ، وَإِمَّا أَنْ يَأْمُرَنَا فِيهِ بِأَمْرِهِ فَإِنَّا لَا نُحِبُّ أَنْ نُجَاوِزَ خَطَّهُ، قَالَ: فَرَقِيَ سَلْمَانُ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ ضَارِبٌ عَلَيْهِ قُبَّةً تُرْكِيَّةً، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ خَرَجَتْ صَخْرَةٌ بَيْضَاءُ مَرْوَةٌ مِنْ بَطْنِ الْخَنْدَقِ فَكَسَرَتْ حَدِيدَنَا وَشَقَّتْ عَلَيْنَا حَتَّى مَا يَحِيكُ فِيهَا قَلِيلٌ وَلَا كَثِيرٌ، فَمُرْنَا فِيهَا بِأَمْرِكَ، فَإِنَّا لَا نُحِبُّ أَنْ نُجَاوِزَ خَطَّكَ، فَهَبَطَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مَعَ سَلْمَانَ الْخَنْدَقَ وَالتِّسْعَةُ عَلَى شَقِّ الْخَنْدَقِ، فَأَخَذَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الْمِعْوَلَ مِنْ سَلْمَانَ فَضَرَبَهَا ضَرْبَةً صَدَّعَهَا وَبَرَقَ مِنْهَا بَرْقٌ أَضَاءَ مَا بَيْنَ لَابَّتَيْهَا -يَعْنِي الْمَدِينَةَ-حَتَّى لَكَأَنَّ مِصْبَاحًا فِي جَوْفِ بَيْتٍ مُظْلِمٍ، فَكَبَّرَ رسول الله ﷺ تكبيرا فَتْحٍ وَكَبَّرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، ثُمَّ ضَرَبَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ الثَّانِيَةَ وَبَرَقَ مِنْهَا بَرْقٌ أَضَاءَ مَا بَيْنَ لَابَّتَيْهَا حَتَّى لَكَأَنَّ مِصْبَاحًا فِي جَوْفِ بَيْتٍ مُظْلِمٍ، فَكَبَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَكْبِيرَ فَتْحٍ وَكَبَّرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، ثُمَّ ضَرَبَهَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَكَسَرَهَا، وَبَرَقَ مِنْهَا بَرْقٌ أَضَاءَ مَا بَيْنَ لَابَّتَيْهَا حَتَّى لَكَأَنَّ مِصْبَاحًا فِي جَوْفِ بَيْتٍ مُظْلِمٍ، فَكَبَّرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ تَكْبِيرَ فَتْحٍ، وَكَبَّرَ الْمُسْلِمُونَ، فَأَخَذَ بِيَدِ سَلْمَانَ وَرَقِيَ، فَقَالَ

(١) رواه ابن إسحاق في السيرة عن ابن هشام: ٣ / ٢١٤ وما بعدها، وأخرجه الطبري: ٢١ / ١٢٩-١٣١. (٢) أخرجه الطبري: ٢١ / ١٣٣-١٣٤، والحاكم: ٣ / ٥٩٨ وسكت عنه، وقال الذهبي: سنده ضعيف، والطبراني: ٦ / ٢٦١. وانظر: كشف الخفاء ومزيل الإلباس: ١ / ٥٥٨، قال الهيثمي في مجمع الزوائد: ٦ / ١٣٠ رواه الطبراني، وفيه كثير بن عبد الله المزني، وقد ضعفه الجمهور، وحسن الترمذي حديثه، وبقية رجاله ثقات.