Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/291)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

Mujahid said: “The outward blessing is the manifestation of Islam and victory over enemies, while the inward blessing is support through the angels.” It was also said: “The outward blessing is support through the angels, and the inward blessing is the casting of dread into the hearts of the disbelievers.” Sahl ibn Abdullah said: “The outward blessing is following the Messenger, and the inward blessing is love for him.”

“And among people are those who dispute concerning Allah without knowledge.” This was revealed concerning al-Nadr ibn al-Harith, Ubayy ibn Khalaf, Umayyah ibn Khalaf, and others like them. They would dispute with the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, concerning Allah and His Attributes without knowledge, (1) “or guidance, or an illuminating Book.”

“When they are told, ‘Follow what Allah has sent down,’ they say, ‘Rather, we shall follow what we found our forefathers following.’ Even if Satan were calling them to the punishment of the Blaze? (21) Whoever submits himself wholly to Allah while doing good has grasped the firmest handhold. To Allah belongs the outcome of all matters. (22) As for whoever disbelieves, do not let his disbelief grieve you. To Us is their return, and We shall inform them of what they did. Indeed, Allah knows well what is within hearts. (23) We shall let them enjoy themselves for a little while, then We shall drive them to a severe punishment. (24) And if you ask them who created the heavens and the earth, they will surely say, ‘Allah.’ Say, ‘Praise be to Allah.’ Yet most of them do not know. (25)”

“When they are told, ‘Follow what Allah has sent down,’ they say, ‘Rather, we shall follow what we found our forefathers following.’” Allah, Exalted is He, says: “Even if Satan were calling them to the punishment of the Blaze?” The response to “even if” is omitted; its intended sense is: Satan calls them, and they follow him—that is, they follow Satan even though he calls them to the punishment of the Blaze.

“Whoever submits himself wholly to Allah”—that is, for Allah: he makes his religion sincerely for Allah and entrusts his affairs to Allah—“while doing good,” in his deeds, “has grasped the firmest handhold”; that is, he has held fast to the most secure covenant, which he need not fear will be broken. “To Allah belongs the outcome of all matters.”

“As for whoever disbelieves, do not let his disbelief grieve you. To Us is their return, and We shall inform them of what they did. Indeed, Allah knows well what is within hearts.” “We shall let them enjoy themselves for a little while”; that is, We grant them respite to enjoy the comforts of this world for a short while, until their appointed terms come to an end. “Then We shall drive them”—then, in the Hereafter, We shall compel and return them—“to a severe punishment”: the punishment of the Fire.

“And if you ask them who created the heavens and the earth, they will surely say, ‘Allah.’ Say, ‘Praise be to Allah.’ Yet most of them do not know.”

(1) See al-Bahr al-Muhit, 6:351.

وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: الظَّاهِرَةُ: ظُهُورُ الْإِسْلَامِ وَالنَّصْرُ عَلَى الْأَعْدَاءِ، وَالْبَاطِنَةُ: الْإِمْدَادُ بِالْمَلَائِكَةِ. وَقِيلَ: الظَّاهِرَةُ: الْإِمْدَادُ بِالْمَلَائِكَةِ، وَالْبَاطِنَةُ: إِلْقَاءُ الرُّعْبِ فِي قُلُوبِ الْكُفَّارِ. وَقَالَ سَهْلُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ: الظَّاهِرَةُ: اتِّبَاعُ الرَّسُولِ، وَالْبَاطِنَةُ: مَحَبَّتُهُ. ﴿وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يُجَادِلُ فِي اللَّهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ﴾ نَزَلَتْ فِي النَّضْرِ بْنِ الْحَارِثِ، وَأُبَيِّ بْنِ خَلَفٍ، وَأُمَيَّةَ بْنِ خَلَفٍ، وَأَشْبَاهِهِمْ كَانُوا يُجَادِلُونَ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ فِي اللَّهِ وَفِي صِفَاتِهِ بِغَيْرِ عِلْمٍ (١) ، ﴿وَلَا هُدًى وَلَا كِتَابٍ مُنِيرٍ﴾ ﴿وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمُ اتَّبِعُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ قَالُوا بَلْ نَتَّبِعُ مَا وَجَدْنَا عَلَيْهِ آبَاءَنَا أَوَلَوْ كَانَ الشَّيْطَانُ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ (٢١) وَمَنْ يُسْلِمْ وَجْهَهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ وَهُوَ مُحْسِنٌ فَقَدِ اسْتَمْسَكَ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَى وَإِلَى اللَّهِ عَاقِبَةُ الْأُمُورِ (٢٢) وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَلَا يَحْزُنْكَ كُفْرُهُ إِلَيْنَا مَرْجِعُهُمْ فَنُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا عَمِلُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ (٢٣) نُمَتِّعُهُمْ قَلِيلًا ثُمَّ نَضْطَرُّهُمْ إِلَى عَذَابٍ غَلِيظٍ (٢٤) وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ مَنْ خَلَقَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ قُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ (٢٥) ﴾ ﴿وَإِذَا قِيلَ لَهُمُ اتَّبِعُوا مَا أَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ قَالُوا بَلْ نَتَّبِعُ مَا وَجَدْنَا عَلَيْهِ آبَاءَنَا﴾ قَالَ اللَّهُ ﷿: ﴿أَوَلَوْ كَانَ الشَّيْطَانُ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ﴾ وَجَوَابُ "لَوْ" مَحْذُوفٌ، وَمَجَازُهُ: يَدْعُوهُمْ فَيَتَّبِعُونَهُ، يَعْنِي: يَتَّبِعُونَ الشَّيْطَانَ وَإِنْ كَانَ الشَّيْطَانُ يَدْعُوهُمْ إِلَى عَذَابِ السَّعِيرِ. ﴿وَمَنْ يُسْلِمْ وَجْهَهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ﴾ يَعْنِي: لِلَّهِ، أَيْ: يُخْلِصْ دِينَهُ لِلَّهِ، وَيُفَوِّضْ أَمْرَهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ، ﴿وَهُوَ مُحْسِنٌ﴾ فِي عَمَلِهِ، ﴿فَقَدِ اسْتَمْسَكَ بِالْعُرْوَةِ الْوُثْقَى﴾ أَيْ: اعْتَصَمَ بِالْعَهْدِ الْأَوْثَقِ الَّذِي لَا يَخَافُ انْقِطَاعَهُ، ﴿وَإِلَى اللَّهِ عَاقِبَةُ الْأُمُورِ﴾ ﴿وَمَنْ كَفَرَ فَلَا يَحْزُنْكَ كُفْرُهُ إِلَيْنَا مَرْجِعُهُمْ فَنُنَبِّئُهُمْ بِمَا عَمِلُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ بِذَاتِ الصُّدُورِ﴾ ﴿نُمَتِّعُهُمْ قَلِيلًا﴾ أَيْ: نُمْهِلُهُمْ لِيَتَمَتَّعُوا بِنَعِيمِ الدُّنْيَا قَلِيلًا إِلَى انْقِضَاءِ آجَالِهِمْ، ﴿ثُمَّ نَضْطَرُّهُمْ﴾ ثُمَّ نُلْجِئُهُمْ وَنَرُدُّهُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ، ﴿إِلَى عَذَابٍ غَلِيظٍ﴾ عَذَابُ النَّارِ. ﴿وَلَئِنْ سَأَلْتَهُمْ مَنْ خَلَقَ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ لَيَقُولُنَّ اللَّهُ قُلِ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ﴾

(١) انظر: البحر المحيط: ٦ / ٣٥١.