Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/288)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“But if they strive to make you associate with Me that of which you have no knowledge, do not obey them. Yet keep their company in this world with kindness, and follow the way of those who turn to Me. Then to Me is your return, and I will inform you of what you used to do. (15) O my dear son, even if it be the weight of a mustard seed, and it be within a rock, or in the heavens, or in the earth, Allah will bring it forth. Indeed, Allah is Most Subtle, All-Aware. (16)”

“But if they strive to make you associate with Me that of which you have no knowledge, do not obey them. Yet keep their company in this world with kindness”—that is, with what is right: dutifulness, maintaining ties, and good companionship—“and follow the way of those who turn to Me,” that is, the religion of those who devote themselves to obeying Me: the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and his Companions.

‘Ata’ narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas that this refers to Abu Bakr. When he embraced Islam, Uthman, Talhah, al-Zubayr, Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqqas, and ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Awf came to him and said, “Have you accepted this man as truthful and believed in him?” He replied, “Yes, he is truthful, so believe in him.” He then brought them to the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, and they embraced Islam. Thus, they were among the earliest Muslims, having embraced Islam through Abu Bakr’s guidance. (1)

Allah, Exalted is He, said: “And follow the way of those who turn to Me,” meaning Abu Bakr; “then to Me is your return, and I will inform you of what you used to do.” It is also said that these two verses were revealed concerning Sa‘d ibn Abi Waqqas and his mother; the account has already passed. It is further said that the verse is general and applies to all people.

“O my dear son, even if it be the weight of a mustard seed”: the pronoun in “even if it be” refers to a sin. This is because Luqman’s son said to his father, “My dear father, if I commit a sin where no one sees me, how will Allah know of it?” He replied: “O my dear son, even if it be the weight of a mustard seed, and it be within a rock.” Qatadah said: “Within a mountain.” Ibn ‘Abbas said: “Within a rock beneath the seven earths, in which the deeds of the wicked are recorded, (2) and from which the green color of the sky comes.”

Al-Suddi said: “Allah created the earth upon a fish—the Nun mentioned by Allah in the Quran in ‘Nun. By the pen’—and the fish is in the water, the water is upon the back of a smooth rock, the rock is upon the back of an angel, and the angel is upon a rock,”

(1) See Ibn Hisham, al-Sirah, 1:250-252; and al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 401. (2) See Ibn Kathir, 3:447, where he commented: “It appears to have been received from the Isra'iliyyat (Israelite reports), which are neither affirmed nor denied”; and al-Bahr al-Muhit, 7:188.

﴿وَإِنْ جَاهَدَاكَ عَلَى أَنْ تُشْرِكَ بِي مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلَا تُطِعْهُمَا وَصَاحِبْهُمَا فِي الدُّنْيَا مَعْرُوفًا وَاتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ مَنْ أَنَابَ إِلَيَّ ثُمَّ إِلَيَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ فَأُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ (١٥) يَا بُنَيَّ إِنَّهَا إِنْ تَكُ مِثْقَالَ حَبَّةٍ مِنْ خَرْدَلٍ فَتَكُنْ فِي صَخْرَةٍ أَوْ فِي السَّمَوَاتِ أَوْ فِي الْأَرْضِ يَأْتِ بِهَا اللَّهُ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَطِيفٌ خَبِيرٌ (١٦) ﴾ ﴿وَإِنْ جَاهَدَاكَ عَلَى أَنْ تُشْرِكَ بِي مَا لَيْسَ لَكَ بِهِ عِلْمٌ فَلَا تُطِعْهُمَا وَصَاحِبْهُمَا فِي الدُّنْيَا مَعْرُوفًا﴾ أَيْ: بِالْمَعْرُوفِ، وَهُوَ الْبِرُّ وَالصِّلَةُ وَالْعِشْرَةُ الْجَمِيلَةُ، ﴿وَاتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ مَنْ أَنَابَ إِلَيَّ﴾ أَيْ: دِينَ مَنْ أَقْبَلَ إِلَى طَاعَتِي، وَهُوَ النَّبِيُّ ﷺ وَأَصْحَابُهُ. قَالَ عَطَاءٌ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ: يُرِيدُ أَبَا بَكْرٍ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّهُ حِينَ أَسْلَمَ أَتَاهُ عُثْمَانُ، وَطَلْحَةُ، وَالزُّبَيْرُ، وَسَعْدُ بْنُ أَبِي وَقَاصٍ، وَعَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَوْفٍ، فَقَالُوا لَهُ: قَدْ صَدَّقْتَ هَذَا الرَّجُلَ وَآمَنْتَ بِهِ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ، هُوَ صَادِقٌ، فَآمِنُوا بِهِ، ثُمَّ حَمَلَهُمْ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ ﷺ حَتَّى أَسْلَمُوا، فَهَؤُلَاءِ لَهُمْ سَابِقَةُ الْإِسْلَامِ. أَسْلَمُوا بِإِرْشَادِ أَبِي بَكْرٍ (١) . قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَاتَّبِعْ سَبِيلَ مَنْ أَنَابَ إِلَيَّ﴾ يَعْنِي أَبَا بَكْرٍ، ﴿ثُمَّ إِلَيَّ مَرْجِعُكُمْ فَأُنَبِّئُكُمْ بِمَا كُنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَ﴾ وَقِيلَ: نَزَلَتْ هَاتَانِ الْآيَتَانِ فِي سَعْدِ بْنِ أَبِي وَقَاصٍ وَأُمِّهِ، وَقَدْ مَضَتِ الْقِصَّةُ وَقِيلَ: الْآيَةُ عَامَّةٌ فِي حَقِّ كَافَّةِ النَّاسِ. ﴿يَا بُنَيَّ إِنَّهَا إِنْ تَكُ مِثْقَالَ حَبَّةٍ مِنْ خَرْدَلٍ﴾ الْكِنَايَةُ فِي قَوْلِهِ: "إِنَّهَا" رَاجِعَةٌ إِلَى الْخَطِيئَةِ، وَذَلِكَ أَنَّ ابْنَ لُقْمَانَ قَالَ لِأَبِيهِ: يَا أَبَتِ إِنْ عَمِلْتُ الْخَطِيئَةَ حَيْثُ لَا يَرَانِي أَحَدٌ كَيْفَ يَعْلَمُهَا اللَّهُ؟ فَقَالَ: ﴿يَا بُنَيَّ إِنَّهَا إِنْ تَكُ مِثْقَالَ حَبَّةٍ مِنْ خَرْدَلٍ فَتَكُنْ فِي صَخْرَةٍ﴾ قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: تَكُنْ فِي جَبَلٍ. وَقَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: فِي صَخْرَةٍ تَحْتَ الْأَرْضِينَ السَّبْعِ، وَهِيَ الَّتِي تُكْتَبُ فِيهَا أَعْمَالُ الْفُجَّارِ (٢) ، وَخُضْرَةُ السَّمَاءِ مِنْهَا. قَالَ السُّدِّيُّ: خَلَقَ اللَّهُ الْأَرْضَ عَلَى حُوتٍ -وَهُوَ النُّونُ الَّذِي ذَكَرَ اللَّهُ ﷿ فِي الْقُرْآنِ "ن وَالْقَلَمِ" -وَالْحُوتُ فِي الْمَاءِ، وَالْمَاءُ ظَهْرِ صَفَاةٍ، وَالصَّفَاةُ عَلَى ظَهْرِ مَلَكٍ، وَالْمَلَكُ عَلَى صَخْرَةٍ،

(١) انظر: سيرة ابن هشام: ١ / ٢٥٠-٢٥٢، الواحدي في أسباب النزول ص ٤٠١. (٢) انظر: ابن كثير: ٣ / ٤٤٧ وقد قال معقبا: (كأنه متلقي من الإسرائليات التي لا تصدق ولا تكذب) ، البحر المحط: ٧ / ١٨٨.