Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/284)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

his accounts and abandon listening to the Quran; so Allah revealed this verse. (1) Mujahid said: It means purchasing singing-girls and singers. (2) According to this interpretation, the construction of the phrase is: “one who purchases [a woman possessing entertainment, or] one possessing distracting tales.”

Abu Saʿid al-Shurayhi informed us; Abu Ishaq al-Thaʿlabi informed us; Abu Tahir Muhammad ibn al-Fadl ibn Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Muzakki informed us; my grandfather Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Khuzaymah related to us; Ali ibn Hujr informed us; Mishʿal ibn Milhan al-Taʾi informed us, from Muttarih ibn Yazid, from Abd Allah ibn Zuhar, from Ali ibn Yazid, from al-Qasim ibn Abd al-Aziz, from Abu Umamah, who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, said, “It is not lawful to teach singing-girls, nor to sell them, and their price is unlawful.” It was concerning such people that this verse was revealed: “Yet among people are those who purchase distracting tales in order to lead others astray from the way of Allah.” No man raises his voice in song except that Allah sends two devils against him, one upon one shoulder and the other upon the other; they continue striking him with their feet until he himself falls silent. (3)

Abd al-Rahman ibn Ahmad al-Qaffal informed us; Abu Mansur Ahmad ibn al-Fadl al-Burujirdi informed us; Abu Ahmad Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Hamdan al-Sayrafi informed us; Muhammad ibn Ghalib ibn Tamam informed us; Khalid ibn Abi Yazid informed us, from Hisham—namely, ibn Hassan—from Muhammad—namely, ibn Sirin—from Abu Hurayrah, that the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, prohibited the price of a dog and the earnings of a female flute-player. (4)

Makhul said: “Whoever buys a slave-girl who plays percussion, in order to keep her for her singing and playing, and persists in this until he dies, I would not offer the funeral prayer over him. Indeed, Allah says: ‘Yet among people are those who purchase distracting tales’”—to the end of the verse. (5)

Abd Allah ibn Masʿud, Ibn Abbas, al-Hasan, Ikrimah, and Saʿid ibn Jubayr said: “Distracting tales” means singing, and the verse was revealed concerning it. The meaning of His saying, “who purchase distracting tales,” is that they exchange the Quran for, and choose instead, singing, reed pipes, and musical instruments. Abu al-Sahbaʾ al-Bakri said: “I asked Ibn Masʿud about this verse, and he said, ‘It is singing, by Allah, besides whom there is no god.’ He repeated it three times.” (6)

(1) See al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 400. (2) See al-Wahidi, Asbab al-Nuzul, p. 400. (3) Narrated by Ibn Majah, Kitab al-Tijarat (The Book of Transactions), chapter: “What It Is Not Permissible to Sell,” no. 2168, 2:733; Ahmad, 5:252; and al-Tabari, 21:60. Al-Tirmidhi also narrated it in a similar form in his Tafsir, 9:54–55, and said: “This is a gharib hadith; it is narrated only through al-Qasim from Abu Umamah. Al-Qasim is trustworthy, while Ali ibn Yazid is considered weak in hadith.” This was stated by Muhammad ibn Isma'il. (4) Narrated by al-Bayhaqi, 6:126; al-Khatib in Tarikh Baghdad, 7:369 and 8:304; and the author of Sharh al-Sunnah, 8:23. (5) See al-Durr al-Manthur, 6:505. (6) Narrated by al-Tabari, 21:61.

حَدِيثَهُ وَيَتْرُكُونَ اسْتِمَاعَ الْقُرْآنِ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ هَذِهِ الْآيَةَ (١) . وَقَالَ مُجَاهِدٌ: يَعْنِي شِرَاءَ الْقِيَانِ وَالْمُغَنِّيِّينَ (٢) ، وَوَجْهُ الْكَلَامِ عَلَى هَذَا التَّأْوِيلِ: مَنْ يَشْتَرِي [ذَاتَ لَهْوِ أَوْ] ذَا لَهْوِ الْحَدِيثِ. أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الشُّرَيْحِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو إِسْحَاقَ الثَّعْلَبِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو طَاهِرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ إِسْحَاقَ الْمُزَكِّي، حَدَّثَنَا جَدِّي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْحَاقَ بْنِ خُزَيْمَةَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ حجر، أخبرنا مشعل بْنُ مِلْحَانِ الطَّائِيُّ، عَنْ مُطَّرِحِ بْنِ يزيد، عن عبد اللَّهِ بْنِ زُحَرٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ يَزِيدَ، عَنِ الْقَاسِمِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ، عَنْ أَبِي أُمَامَةَ قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "لَا يَحِلُّ تَعْلِيمُ المغنيات ولا يبعهن وَأَثْمَانُهُنَّ حَرَامٌ"، وَفِي مِثْلِ هَذَا أُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ: "وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ لِيُضِلَّ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ"، وَمَا مِنْ رَجُلٍ يَرْفَعُ صَوْتَهُ بِالْغِنَاءِ إِلَّا بَعَثَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ شَيْطَانَيْنِ: أَحَدُهُمَا عَلَى هَذَا الْمَنْكِبِ، وَالْآخَرُ عَلَى هَذَا الْمَنْكِبِ، فَلَا يَزَالَانِ يَضْرِبَانِهِ بِأَرْجُلِهِمَا حَتَّى يَكُونَ هُوَ الَّذِي يَسْكُتُ (٣) . أَخْبَرَنَا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَحْمَدَ الْقَفَّالُ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو مَنْصُورٍ أَحْمَدُ بْنُ الْفَضْلِ الْبُرُوجِرْدِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو أَحْمَدَ بَكْرُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ حَمْدَانَ الصَّيْرَفِيُّ، أَخْبَرَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غَالِبِ بْنِ تَمَامٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ أَبِي يَزِيدَ، عَنْ هِشَامٍ هُوَ ابْنُ حَسَّانَ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدٍ هُوَ ابْنُ سِيْرِيْنَ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ أَنَّ النَّبِيَّ ﷺ "نَهَى عَنْ ثَمَنِ الْكَلْبِ وَكَسْبِ الزَّمَّارَةِ" (٤) . قَالَ مَكْحُولٌ: مَنِ اشْتَرَى جَارِيَةً ضَرَّابَةً لِيُمْسِكَهَا لِغِنَائِهَا وَضَرْبِهَا مُقِيمًا عَلَيْهِ حَتَّى يَمُوتَ لَمْ أُصَلِّ عَلَيْهِ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: "وَمِنَ النَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ" الْآيَةَ (٥) . وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، وَابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، وَالْحَسَنِ، وَعِكْرِمَةَ، وَسَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ قَالُوا: "لَهْوُ الْحَدِيثِ" هُوَ الْغِنَاءُ، وَالْآيَةُ نَزَلَتْ فِيهِ. وَمَعْنَى قَوْلِهِ: ﴿يَشْتَرِي لَهْوَ الْحَدِيثِ﴾ أَيْ: يَسْتَبْدِلُ وَيَخْتَارُ الْغِنَاءَ وَالْمَزَامِيرَ وَالْمَعَازِفَ عَلَى الْقُرْآنِ، قَالَ أَبُو الصِّبَاءِ الْبَكْرِيُّ سَأَلْتُ ابْنَ مَسْعُودٍ عَنْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ فَقَالَ: هُوَ الْغِنَاءُ، وَاللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ، يُرَدِّدُهَا ثَلَاثَ مَرَّاتٍ (٦) .

(١) انظر: أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٤٠٠) . (٢) انظر: أسباب النزول للواحدي ص (٤٠٠) . (٣) أخرجه ابن ماجه: التجارات، باب: ما لا يحل بيعه برقم: (٢١٦٨) ٢ / ٧٣٣، والإمام أحمد: ٥ / ٢٥٢، والطبري: ٢١ / ٦٠، وأخرجه بنحوه الترمذي: في التفسير: ٩ / ٥٤-٥٥، وقال: (هذا حديث غريب إنما يروى من حديث القاسم عن أبي أمامة، والقاسم ثقة، وعلي بن يزيد يضعف في الحديث، قاله محمد بن إسماعيل. (٤) أخرجه البيهقي: ٦ / ١٢٦، والخطيب في تاريخ بغداد: ٧ / ٣٦٩، ٨ / ٣٠٤ والمصنف في شرح السنة: ٨ / ٢٣. (٥) انظر: الدر المنثور: ٦ / ٥٠٥. (٦) أخرجه الطبري: ٢١ / ٦١.