Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/271)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

“And when adversity touches people, they call upon their Lord, turning to Him in repentance. Then, when He lets them taste mercy from Him, behold, a group among them associate partners with their Lord, so that they may show ingratitude for what We have given them. So enjoy yourselves; you will soon come to know.” (33–34)

“Turning to Him in repentance” means: Set your face, you and your community, turning to Him in repentance, for when the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, is addressed, his community is included in that address, as Allah says: “O Prophet, when you divorce women…” (al-Talaq 1). “Turning to Him in repentance” means returning to Him through repentance and turning to Him in obedience. “Fear Him, establish the prayer, and do not be among the polytheists—among those who have divided their religion and become sects”: that is, they became differing factions, namely the Jews and the Christians. (1) It was also said that they are the people of religious innovation from this community. (2) “Each faction rejoicing in what it has”: that is, pleased with what it possesses.

Allah the Exalted says: “And when adversity touches people”: drought and hardship; “they call upon their Lord, turning to Him in repentance”: turning to Him in supplication. “Then, when He lets them taste mercy from Him”: prosperity and blessing; “behold, a group among them associate partners with their Lord, so that they may show ingratitude for what We have given them.” He then addressed those who did this with a threat, saying: “So enjoy yourselves; you will soon come to know”—your condition in the Hereafter.

(1) Narrated by Abd ibn Humayd, Ibn Jarir, and Ibn al-Mundhir from Qatada. See Tafsir al-Tabari, 21:42; Al-Durr al-Manthur, 6:495; Al-Muharrar al-Wajiz, 12:259. (2) This was also the view of Aisha, Abu Hurayrah, and Abu Umamah, may Allah be pleased with them. Tafsir al-Qurtubi, 14:32.

﴿وَإِذَا مَسَّ النَّاسَ ضُرٌّ دَعَوْا رَبَّهُمْ مُنِيبِينَ إِلَيْهِ ثُمَّ إِذَا أَذَاقَهُمْ مِنْهُ رَحْمَةً إِذَا فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ بِرَبِّهِمْ يُشْرِكُونَ (٣٣) لِيَكْفُرُوا بِمَا آتَيْنَاهُمْ فَتَمَتَّعُوا فَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ (٣٤) ﴾ ﴿مُنِيبِينَ إِلَيْهِ﴾ أَيْ: فَأَقِمْ وَجْهَكَ أَنْتَ وَأُمَّتُكَ مُنِيبِينَ إِلَيْهِ لِأَنَّ مُخَاطَبَةَ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ يَدْخُلُ مَعَهُ فِيهَا الْأُمَّةُ، كَمَا قَالَ: "يَا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ إِذَا طَلَّقْتُمُ النِّسَاءَ" (الطَّلَاقِ-١) ، ﴿مُنِيبِينَ إِلَيْهِ﴾ أَيْ: رَاجِعِينَ إِلَيْهِ بِالتَّوْبَةِ مُقْبِلِينَ إِلَيْهِ بِالطَّاعَةِ، ﴿وَاتَّقُوهُ وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَلَا تَكُونُوا مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ﴾ ﴿مِنَ الَّذِينَ فَرَّقُوا دِينَهُمْ وَكَانُوا شِيَعًا﴾ أَيْ: صَارُوا فِرَقًا مُخْتَلِفَةً وَهُمُ الْيَهُودُ وَالنَّصَارَى (١) . وَقِيلَ: هُمْ أَهْلُ الْبِدَعِ مِنْ هَذِهِ الْأُمَّةِ (٢) ، ﴿كُلُّ حِزْبٍ بِمَا لَدَيْهِمْ فَرِحُونَ﴾ أَيْ: رَاضُونَ بِمَا عِنْدَهُمْ. قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَإِذَا مَسَّ النَّاسَ ضُرٌّ﴾ قَحْطٌ وَشِدَّةٌ، ﴿دَعَوْا رَبَّهُمْ مُنِيبِينَ إِلَيْهِ﴾ مُقْبِلِينَ إِلَيْهِ بِالدُّعَاءِ، ﴿ثُمَّ إِذَا أَذَاقَهُمْ مِنْهُ رَحْمَةً﴾ خِصْبًا وَنِعْمَةً ﴿إِذَا فَرِيقٌ مِنْهُمْ بِرَبِّهِمْ يُشْرِكُونَ﴾ ﴿لِيَكْفُرُوا بِمَا آتَيْنَاهُمْ﴾ ثُمَّ خَاطَبَ هَؤُلَاءِ الَّذِينَ فَعَلُوا هَذَا خِطَابَ تَهْدِيدٍ فَقَالَ: ﴿فَتَمَتَّعُوا فَسَوْفَ تَعْلَمُونَ﴾ حَالَكُمْ فِي الْآخِرَةِ.

(١) رواه عبد بن حميد وابن جرير وابن المنذر عن قتادة. انظر الطبري: ٢١ / ٤٢، الدر: ٦ / ٤٩٥، المحرر الوجيز: ١٢ / ٢٥٩. (٢) وهو قول عائشة وأبي هريرة وأبي أمامة ﵃. القرطبي: ١٤ / ٣٢.