Tafsir al-Baghawi - Al-Baghawi - (6/268)

Tafsir al-BaghawiAl-Baghawi

that is, it is easier for Him according to what you perceive, for people commonly regard restoration as easier than bringing into existence—that is, initial creation. It was also said: It is easier for Him in your estimation (1). And it was said: It is easier for Him with respect to the creation: they will rise at a single cry, and this will be easier for them than having been drops of fluid, then clinging clots, then lumps of flesh, until they became men and women. This is the meaning of the narration of Ibn Hibban from al-Kalbi, from Abu Salih, from Ibn Abbas (2).

“And to Him belongs the highest attribute”—that is, the most exalted description—“in the heavens and the earth.” Ibn Abbas said: It means that nothing is like unto Him. Qatadah said: It means that there is no god worthy of worship except Him (3). “And He is the Almighty” in His dominion, “the All-Wise” in His creation.

“He sets forth for you an example from yourselves: Do you have, among those whom your right hands possess, any partners in what We have provided for you, such that you are equal therein and fear them as you fear one another? Thus We set forth the signs in detail for a people who understand.” (28)

“He sets forth for you an example from yourselves”: that is, He has explained to you an analogy drawn from your own condition. This analogy is from yourselves; then He explained it, saying: “Do you have, among those whom your right hands possess”—that is, your male and female slaves—“any partners in what We have provided for you,” of wealth, “such that you are equal therein?” That is, do your slaves share with you in the wealth We have given you? “And fear them as you fear one another”: that is, do you fear that they will share your wealth and divide it with you, just as a free man fears his free partner in jointly owned property, lest he independently dispose of it in some matter without the other; and just as a man fears his partner in an inheritance, while wishing to possess it exclusively? Ibn Abbas said: You fear that they will inherit from you, just as some of you inherit from others. So, if you do not fear this from your slaves and do not accept it for yourselves, how could you accept that the gods you worship should be My partners when they are My slaves? (4)

(1) That is, He addressed His servants in terms they could understand, informing them that, in their own estimation and reasoning, resurrection ought to be easier than the initial creation. See Zad al-Masir, 6:298; al-Muharrar al-Wajiz, 12:256. (2) Al-Farra', Ma'ani al-Quran, 2:324; al-Nahhas, Ma'ani al-Quran, 5:255. (3) See al-Tabari, 19:38; al-Durr al-Manthur, 6:491; Ibn Kathir, 3:432. (4) See Zad al-Masir, 6:299; al-Muharrar al-Wajiz, 12:256-257.

أَيْ: هُوَ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيْهِ عَلَى مَا يَقَعُ فِي عُقُولِكُمْ، فَإِنَّ الَّذِي يَقَعُ فِي عُقُولِ النَّاسِ أَنَّ الْإِعَادَةَ تَكُونُ أَهْوَنَ مِنَ الْإِنْشَاءِ، أَيْ: الِابْتِدَاءِ. وَقِيلَ: هُوَ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَكُمْ (١) وَقِيلَ: هُوَ أَهْوَنُ عَلَيْهِ، أَيْ: عَلَى الْخَلْقِ، يَقُومُونَ بِصَيْحَةٍ وَاحِدَةٍ، فَيَكُونُ أَهْوَنَ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَنْ يَكُونُوا نُطَفًا، ثُمَّ عَلَقًا ثُمَّ مُضَغًا إِلَى أَنْ يَصِيرُوا رِجَالًا وَنِسَاءً، وَهَذَا مَعْنَى رِوَايَةِ ابْنِ حِبَّانَ عَنِ الْكَلْبِيِّ عَنْ أَبِي صَالِحٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ (٢) . ﴿وَلَهُ الْمَثَلُ الْأَعْلَى﴾ أَيِ: الصِّفَةُ العليا ﴿فِي السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ﴾ قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: هِيَ أَنَّهُ لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ. وَقَالَ قَتَادَةُ: هِيَ أَنَّهُ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ (٣) ، ﴿وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ﴾ فِي مُلْكِهِ، ﴿الْحَكِيمُ﴾ فِي خَلْقِهِ. ﴿ضَرَبَ لَكُمْ مَثَلًا مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ هَلْ لَكُمْ مِنْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ مِنْ شُرَكَاءَ فِي مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ فَأَنْتُمْ فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ تَخَافُونَهُمْ كَخِيفَتِكُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ كَذَلِكَ نُفَصِّلُ الْآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْقِلُونَ (٢٨) ﴾ ﴿ضَرَبَ لَكُمْ مَثَلًا مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمْ﴾ أَيْ: بَيَّنَ لَكُمْ شَبَهًا بِحَالِكُمُ وَذَلِكَ الْمَثَلُ مِنْ أَنْفُسِكُمُ ثُمَّ بَيَّنَ الْمَثَلَ فَقَالَ: ﴿هَلْ لَكُمْ مِنْ مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ﴾ أَيْ: عَبِيدُكُمْ وَإِمَائِكُمْ، ﴿مِنْ شُرَكَاءَ فِي مَا رَزَقْنَاكُمْ﴾ مِنَ الْمَالِ، ﴿فَأَنْتُمْ﴾ وَهُمْ ﴿فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ﴾ أَيْ: هَلْ يُشَارِكُكُمْ عَبِيدُكُمْ فِي أَمْوَالِكُمُ الَّتِي أَعْطَيْنَاكُمْ؛ ﴿تَخَافُونَهُمْ كَخِيفَتِكُمْ أَنْفُسَكُمْ﴾ أَيْ: تَخَافُونَ أَنْ يُشَارِكُوكُمْ فِي أَمْوَالِكُمْ وَيُقَاسِمُوكُمْ كَمَا يَخَافُ الْحُرُّ شَرِيكَهُ الْحُرَّ فِي الْمَالِ يَكُونُ بَيْنَهُمَا أَنْ يَنْفَرِدَ فِيهِ بِأَمْرٍ دُونَهُ، وَكَمَا يَخَافُ الرَّجُلُ شَرِيكَهُ فِي الْمِيرَاثِ، وَهُوَ يُحِبُّ أَنْ يَنْفَرِدَ بِهِ. قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ: تَخَافُونَهُمْ أَنْ يَرِثُوكُمْ كَمَا يَرِثُ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا فَإِذَا لَمْ تَخَافُوا هَذَا مِنْ مَالِيكِكُمْ وَلَمْ تَرْضَوْا ذَلِكَ لِأَنْفُسِكُمْ، فَكَيْفَ رَضِيتُمْ أَنْ تَكُونَ آلِهَتُكُمُ الَّتِي تَعْبُدُونَهَا شُرَكَائِي وَهُمْ عَبِيدِي؟ (٤) .

(١) أي: خاطب العباد بما يعقلون، فأعلمهم أنه يجب أن يكون عندهم البعث أسهل من الابتداء في تقديرهم وحكمهم. انظر: زاد المسير: ٦ / ٢٩٨، المحرر الوجيز: ١٢ / ٢٥٦. (٢) معاني القرآن للفراء: ٢ / ٣٢٤، والنحاس: ٥ / ٢٥٥. (٣) انظر: الطبري ١٩ / ٣٨، الدر المنثور: ٦ / ٤٩١، ابن كثير: ٣ / ٤٣٢. (٤) انظر: زاد المسير ٦ / ٢٩٩، المحرر الوجيز: ١٢ / ٢٥٦-٢٥٧.